The diffusion of radiation /

"Contract W-7405-ENG.36 with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.""LA-2196 ; Physics and Mathematics ; (TID-4500, 13th Ed., Rev.)""Report written: April 1958 ; Report distributed: July 30, 1958."Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet

Rise through the atmosphere of a hot bubble /

The Particle-in-Cell method for multidimensional fluid-dynamics calculations has been used on the IBM Stretch Computer to study the motion of a hot gas bubble created by a nuclear explosion in the earth's atmosphere. In the example, a total energy of 8.24 x 10(exp 20) ergs was deposited at an altitude of 95 km. After 2.85 sec the originally-heated air was moving upwards with a mass-averaged velocity of 3.5km/sec and was still accelerating somewhat, probably to an asymptotic value of 4.0 km/sec. Along the cylindrical axis at 2.85 sec, the upwards velocities varied from 0.0 km/sec at the bottom to 5.8 km/sec at the top; most of the central material was moving at velocities greater than 4.0 km/sec. This report also includes details concerning bubble shape, energy histories, and shock configurations."Contract W-7405-ENG.36 with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.""LAMS-2770; Physics; TID-4500 (18th Ed.)""Report written: October 1962; Report distributed: November 13, 1962."Includes bibliographical references.The Particle-in-Cell method for multidimensional fluid-dynamics calculations has been used on the IBM Stretch Computer to study the motion of a hot gas bubble created by a nuclear explosion in the earth's atmosphere. In the example, a total energy of 8.24 x 10(exp 20) ergs was deposited at an altitude of 95 km. After 2.85 sec the originally-heated air was moving upwards with a mass-averaged velocity of 3.5km/sec and was still accelerating somewhat, probably to an asymptotic value of 4.0 km/sec. Along the cylindrical axis at 2.85 sec, the upwards velocities varied from 0.0 km/sec at the bottom to 5.8 km/sec at the top; most of the central material was moving at velocities greater than 4.0 km/sec. This report also includes details concerning bubble shape, energy histories, and shock configurations.Mode of access: Internet

The particle-and-force computing method for fluid dynamics /

"Contract W-7405-ENG.36 with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.""LA-2567 ; Physics; TID-4500 (16th Ed.)""Report written: June 1961; Report distributed: October 3, 1961."Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-49).Mode of access: Internet

Kepler-1647B: the Largest and Longest-Period Kepler Transiting Circumbinary Planet

We report the discovery of a new Kepler transiting circumbinary planet (CBP). This latest addition to the still-small family of CBPs defies the current trend of known short-period planets orbiting near the stability limit of binary stars. Unlike the previous discoveries, the planet revolving around the eclipsing binary system Kepler-1647 has a very long orbital period (~1100 days) and was at conjunction only twice during the Kepler mission lifetime. Due to the singular configuration of the system, Kepler-1647b is not only the longest-period transiting CBP at the time of writing, but also one of the longest-period transiting planets. With a radius of 1.06+/-0.01 RJup it is also the largest CBP to date. The planet produced three transits in the light-curve of Kepler-1647 (one of them during an eclipse, creating a syzygy) and measurably perturbed the times of the stellar eclipses, allowing us to measure its mass to be 1.52+/-0.65 MJup. The planet revolves around an 11-day period eclipsing binary consisting of two Solar-mass stars on a slightly inclined, mildly eccentric (e_bin = 0.16), spin-synchronized orbit. Despite having an orbital period three times longer than Earth\u27s, Kepler-1647b is in the conservative habitable zone of the binary star throughout its orbit