Risk factor characteristics of T2D cases and controls at baseline in NHS and HPFS^*.

*<p>Values are means (SD) unless otherwise indicated. BMI  =  body mass index; PMH  =  post-menopausal hormone.</p>†<p>Test of differences between cases and controls: χ2 for categorical and T-tests for continuous variables.</p>‡<p>Metabolic equivalent task hours/wk for men in HPFS and hours/wk for women in NHS.</p

Associations of SNPs in <i>TPMRSS6</i>, <i>HFE</i>, and <i>TF</i> genes with the risk T2D in NHS and HPFS.

*<p>Adjusted for age, BMI (<23.0, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥35.0 kg/m² ), family history of diabetes (yes, no), smoking (never, past, current), alcohol (nondrinker or drinker [0.1–4.9, 5.0–9.9, 10.0–14.9 or ≥15.0 g/day]), menopausal status [pre- or post-menopausal (never, past, or current hormone use); women only], quintiles of physical activity (metabolic equivalent task hours/wk for men in HPFS, hours/wk for women in NHS), and quintiles of energy adjusted P:S ratio, <i>trans</i>-fat and cereal fiber intakes.</p

Associations between tertiles of genetic risk score and type 2 diabetes risk in HPFS.

<p>Associations between tertiles of genetic risk score and type 2 diabetes risk in HPFS.</p

Associations between body iron status and the SNPs in <i>TPMRSS6</i>, <i>HFE</i>, and <i>TF</i> genes in NHS.

*<p>the first allele of each SNP is effect allele.</p

The baseline levels of biochemical traits of the participants according to shift work (Mean±SD).

<p>Abbreviation: SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p><p><i>P</i> values were calculated by independent sample t-test for numerical data.</p

Essential Metals Zinc, Selenium, and Strontium Protect against Chromosome Damage Caused by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure

Essential metals play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis, but the effects of their interaction with the environmental pollutants are still not very well-known in human subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of essential metals and their interactions with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on chromosome damage, an early carcinogenic event. A total of 1245 male workers were included in this study and the levels of 11 urinary essential metals, 12 urinary PAH metabolites, plasma concentrations of benzo­[a]­pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydotetrol-albumin (BPDE-Alb) adducts, and lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) frequencies were monitored. We found that zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and strontium (Sr) have significant inverse dose–response relationships with MN frequencies (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the protective roles of Zn, Se, and Sr were mainly shown among subjects with high levels of BPDE-Alb adducts. Significant effect modification of BPDE-Alb adducts on the associations of Zn, Se, and Sr with MN frequencies was observed (all <i>P</i>_interaction < 0.05). Our study showed evidence that Zn, Se, and Sr play protective roles in reducing chromosome damage, and these effects can be modified by PAH exposure levels. These findings add potential evidence for the preventive effects of Zn, Se, and Sr against carcinogenesis in human subjects

Odds ratio of impaired and poor sleeping quality according to duration of shift work and years after leaving shifts.

<p>The figure shows odds ratio of impaired and poor sleeping quality comparing to normal sleeping quality group according to duration shift work and duration of leaving shifts. The model adjusted for gender (male, female), age (<60 y, 60–75 y, ≥75 y), race (Han, others), marital status (single or divorced, married), tea consumption (no, yes), life stress (no, yes), current smoking status (no, yes), passive smoking (no, yes), current drinking status (no, yes), physical activity (no, yes), body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24, 24–28, ≥28), chronic diseases (no, yes).</p

Odds ratio of all levels for sleeping quality, diabetes and hypertension by duration of shift work.

<p>Model 1 : single factor logistic regression.</p><p>Multivariate-adjusted model: adjusted for gender (male, female), age (<60 y, 60–75 y, ≥75 y), race (Han, others), marital status (single or divorced, married), tea consumption (no, yes), life stress (no, yes), current smoking status (no, yes), passive smoking (no, yes), current drinking status (no, yes), physical activity (no, yes) and body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24, 24–28, ≥28).</p>*<p>We adjusted chronic diseases (no, yes) except all the confounders in Multivariate-adjusted model.</p><p>The reference group was normal sleeping quality group and participants who did not work on shift position.</p

ORs of each component of metabolic syndrome according to duration of shift work.

<p>ORs of each component of metabolic syndrome according to duration of shift work.</p

MOESM1 of Association of mean platelet volume with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study

Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of the study population in women and men