Color Superconductivity at Moderate Density

The effect of color breaking on colored quarks' chiral condensates has been investigated at zero temperature and moderate baryon density. It is found that the influence of the diquark condensate on different colored quarks is very small.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure in eps, talk given at XXXI International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Sept 1-7, 2001, Datong China. See http://ismd31.ccnu.edu.cn

An Analytic Solution of Hydrodynamic Equations with Source Terms in Heavy Ion Collisions

The energy and baryon densities in heavy ion collisions are estimated by analytically solving a 1+1 dimensional hydrodynamical model with source terms. Particularly, a competition between the energy and baryon sources and the expansion of the system is discussed in detail.Comment: LaTeX2e, 7 pages, 4 postscript figures, submitted to Int. J. Mod. Phys.

On the instability of inviscid, compressible free shear layers

The linear spatial instability of inviscid compressible laminar mixing of two parallel streams, comprised of the same gas, has been investigated with respect to two-dimensional wave disturbances. The effects of the velocity ratio, temperature ratio, and the temperature profile across the shear layer have been examined. A nearly universal dependence of the normalized maximum amplification rate on the convective Mach number is found, with the normalized maximum amplification rate decreasing significantly with increasing convective Mach number in the subsonic region. These results are in accord with those of recent growth rate experiments in compressible turbulent free shear layers and other similar recent calculations

The Mesonic Fluctuations and Corrections in the Chiral Symmetry Breaking Vacuum

The mesonic quantum fluctuations and their corrections on the chiral condensate and pion polarization function are investigated in the self-consistent scheme of SU(2) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model by exactly calculating the next-to-leading order (NLO) Feynman diagrams in $1/N_c$ expansion. While the fluctuations and corrections depend strongly on the meson's three-momentum cut-off $\Lambda_M$, no chiral symmetry restoration is found since the cancellation between the NLO and the one-quark-loop diagram with quark mass deviated from the mean-field value.Comment: 15 pages with 3 figures, abstract, introduction, conclusion revise

Simultaneous evolutionary expansion and constraint of genomic heterogeneity in multifocal lung cancer.

Recent genomic analyses have revealed substantial tumor heterogeneity across various cancers. However, it remains unclear whether and how genomic heterogeneity is constrained during tumor evolution. Here, we sequence a unique cohort of multiple synchronous lung cancers (MSLCs) to determine the relative diversity and uniformity of genetic drivers upon identical germline and environmental background. We find that each multicentric primary tumor harbors distinct oncogenic alterations, including novel mutations that are experimentally demonstrated to be functional and therapeutically targetable. However, functional studies show a strikingly constrained tumorigenic pathway underlying heterogeneous genetic variants. These results suggest that although the mutation-specific routes that cells take during oncogenesis are stochastic, genetic trajectories may be constrained by selection for functional convergence on key signaling pathways. Our findings highlight the robust evolutionary pressures that simultaneously shape the expansion and constraint of genomic diversity, a principle that holds important implications for understanding tumor evolution and optimizing therapeutic strategies.Across cancer types tumor heterogeneity has been observed, but how this relates to tumor evolution is unclear. Here, the authors sequence multiple synchronous lung cancers, highlighting the evolutionary pressures that simultaneously shape the expansion and constraint of genomic heterogeneity