BEHAVIOUR OF STOCK PRICES SINCE LIBERALIZATION: THE CASE OF FII IN INDIA

Stock market liberalization is a decision made by the Government of India to allow foreigners to purchase shares in the stock market of India. India is one of the biggest and fastest growing economies and as attracted more attention of the investors in the recent years. After liberalization in 1991, India has become one of the hotspots for global investment. Foreign Institutional Investors have given a boost to the economic growth of India and helped in financing it. The stock markets have grown in the past twenty years and the financial sector has become modern and well-disciplined. The present study examines the effect of liberalization on the stock indices of Bombay Stock Exchange. The interest of the research is to observe the volatility of the stock market with the introduction of FIIs, the impact of the first and subsequent liberalizations on the stock returns, the effect of the exchange rate on the flow of capital by the FIIs and the changes in GDP of India by the changes in the market capitalization. For this purpose the International Asset Pricing Model (IAPM) and ARCH/ GARCH model are applied to the data. It has been found that volatility is a part and parcel of liberalization and does not have a major effect of the fluctuations of stock return. There are many factors that affect the inflow of foreign capital into the country like exchange rate, balance of payment, interest rate etc. Rise in market capitalization leads to rise in GDP. Liberalization leads to fall in cost of capital and rise in the market efficiency. Overall, liberalization has proved to be beneficial for the Indian economy

BEHAVIOUR OF STOCK PRICES SINCE LIBERALIZATION: THE CASE OF FII IN INDIA

Stock market liberalization is a decision made by the Government of India to allow foreigners to purchase shares in the stock market of India. India is one of the biggest and fastest growing economies and has attracted more attention of the investors in the recent years. After liberalization in 1991, India has become one of the hotspots for global investment. Foreign Institutional Investors have given a boost to the economic growth of India and helped in financing it. The stock markets have grown in the past twenty years and the financial sector has become modern and well-disciplined. The present study examines the effect of liberalization on the stock indices of Bombay Stock Exchange. The interest of the research is to observe the volatility of the stock market with the introduction of FIIs, the impact of the first and subsequent liberalizations on the stock returns, the effect of the exchange rate on the flow of capital by the FIIs and the changes in GDP of India by the changes in the market capitalization. For this purpose the International Asset Pricing Model (IAPM) and ARCH/ GARCH model are applied to the data. It has been found that volatility is a part and parcel of liberalization and does not have a major effect of the fluctuations of stock return. There are many factors that affect the inflow of foreign capital into the country like exchange rate, balance of payment, interest rate etc. Rise in market capitalization leads to rise in GDP. Liberalization leads to fall in cost of capital and rise in the market efficiency. Overall, liberalization has proved to be beneficial for the Indian economy

Real-world observational study to capture practice pattern of controlled ovarian stimulation in the in vitro-fertilization and embryo transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection-2

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the practice patterns of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients who underwent in vitro-fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Methods: In REAL-COS (REAL-world observational study to capture practice pattern of COS in IVF-ET/ ICSI cycle) study, data was collected by 138 clinicians across India between April 2021 and March 2022 in a retrospective manner.Results: Data of 1651 subfertility female patients were evaluated. The mean (SD) age was 31.8 (3.9) years and majority (77.8%) of the patients were aged <35 years. Obese patients constituted 28.1% of the total population. The majority (79.5%) of the patients had primary subfertility and the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was the most (27.8%) common cause of subfertility. Nearly equal percent of patients were treated with frozen or fresh embryo transfer. Most (~96%) of the patients received GnRH antagonist protocol wherein cetrorelix acetate was the most common drug (98.7%) while ~4% patients received GnRH agonist protocol wherein luprorelin was the most common one (83%). The most commonly used gonadotropin was recombinant follicle stimulating hormone alone therapy (rFSH, 49.2%). Majority (51.8%) of the patients were initiated at 225 IU dose of gonadotropin for COS. For ovulation trigger, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was used in majority (59%) of the cases. Treatment with rFSH alone therapy resulted in max mean no. of oocytes and mean metaphase-II oocytes as compared with other treatments.Conclusions: This real-world observational study reports primary subfertility as the major reason for IVF-ET/ICSI in the study population. The GnRH antagonist protocol was followed by most of the clinicians participating in this study. rFSH was the most commonly used gonadotropin. rFSH alone therapy yielded the greatest number of oocytes and metaphase II oocytes versus other treatments

Effect of Phyllostachys parvifolia leaf extract on ionizing radiation-induced genetic damage: A preliminary in vitro cytogenetic study

AbstractThe ionizing radiation is a known carcinogen as well as cancer therapeutic agent however, the side effect on normal tissue is a limiting factor and inadequate doses necessitates search for an ideal radioprotective agent. Bamboo species are rich source of antioxidants hence have therapeutic value in many free radical mediated diseases. This is the first report regarding in vitro protective effect of bamboo leaf extract against radiation induced genetic damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by cytokinesis blocked micronuclei (CBMN) assay. Fresh whole blood was exposed to 5Gy of cobalt-6o gamma radiation with or without 30 min pre-treatment with 3 μl and 5 μl of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Phyllostachys parvifolia. In addition to whole extract the effect of potential active compound orientin was also assessed. The frequency of radiation induced micronuclei decreased significantly in a dose dependent manner following treatment with whole extract as well as orientin. The extent of reduction in micronuclei frequency was higher with whole bamboo leaf extract as compared to orientin alone

Therapy Related Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (trCML) or non-Therapy Related Second Malignancy Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (smCML) following Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma(DLBCL): A Case Report and Review of Literature

  Introduction: Second malignancy could be either previous therapy related or non-therapy related like syndromic or shared etiologic exposure. It could be either a hematological/solid malignancy following tretment for previous solid tumour or prior hematological malignanacy.Review of literature regarding secondary Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) following previous active treatment for primary cancer is listed out for further understanding.Presentation of Case: We describe a 71 year old elderly male who developed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia(CML) after a period of 6 years during follow up of Stage IV Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma(DLBCL) for which he received 8 cycles of R-CHOP based Chemo-immunotherapy in 2008 .Whether it is therapy related Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (trCML) following prior cytotoxic treatment or simply a non-therapy related second malignancy hronic Myeloid Leukemia(smCML) is a matter of debate.However our patient responded dramatically like denova CML to imatinib therapy.Conclusion: Therapy related CML or non therapy related second malignancy CML following DLBCL treatment is rare but responds dramatically like denova CML to imatinib therapy.     

MTA1 Interacts with MAT1, a cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase complex ring finger factor and regulates estrogen receptor transactivation functions

The transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-&#945; is controlled by coregulators. MTA1 (metastasis-associated protein1) represses estrogen receptor-&#945;-driven transcription by recruiting Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) to the estrogen response element containing target gene chromatin in breast cancer cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen with the MTA1 C-terminal domain as bait, we identified MAT1 (menage a trois 1) as an MTA1-binding protein. MAT1 is an assembly/targeting factor for cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK), which has been shown to functionally interact with general transcriptional factor TFIIH, a known inducer of ER transactivation. We show that estrogen signaling promotes nuclear translocation of MAT1 and that MTA1 interacts with MAT1 both in vitro and in vivo. MAT1 binds to the C-terminal 389–441 amino acids GATA domain and N-terminal 1–164 amino acids bromo-domain of MTA1, whereas MTA1 binds to the N-terminal ring finger domain of the MAT1. In addition, MAT1 interacts with the activation function 2 domain of ER and colocalizes with ER in activated cells. MTA1 deregulation in breast cancer cells led to its interactions with the CAK complex components, ER and HDAC2. Accordingly, MTA1 inhibited CAK stimulation of ER transactivation that was partially relieved by HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A, suggesting that MTA1 might inhibit CAK-induced transactivation function of ER by recruiting HDAC. Furthermore, MTA1 overexpression inhibited the ability of CAK complex to phosphorylate ER. Together, these findings identified MAT1 as a target of MTA1 and provided new evidence to suggest that the transactivation functions of ER might be influenced by the regulatory interactions between CAK and MTA1 in breast cancer cells

Understanding Health-Seeking Behavior of People with Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Facility Based Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in Ahmedabad, India

Objective: The study was conducted to understand health-seeking behavior (HSB) of people with diabetes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at All India Institute of Diabetes and Research (AIIDR), Swasthya Diabetes Care in Ahmedabad, India. Data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Response rate was 97%. One hundred thirty-eight participants who visited the hospital during the month of May 2022 were included and interviewed after obtaining informed consent.Results: Of the study participants (n = 138), 43.5% were female, while 56.5% were male. The mean age of study participants was 51.22. Out of 138 participants, 18.1% (n = 25) had type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and 81.9% (n = 113) had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It was found that 55.7% faced delay in regular checkups, 39.8% used telemedicine to avoid travelling to hospital in fear of getting COVID infection, 7.8% faced delay in consuming medicines due to unavailability of medicines. Regular intake of medicines/insulin altered for 40.5% of study participants. 54.3% of our study participants felt fear while visiting the laboratory to measure their blood glucose level. Conclusions: Uncertainties created by COVID-19 pandemic have affected HSB of people with diabetes in terms of access to healthcare facilities, medicine adherence, laboratory testing, self-management habits. Knowledge shared here can help program planners to identify influencing factors and implement appropriate interventions. This understanding also helps in setting the stage for the formulation of effective diabetesrelated educational programs which might help for future pandemic

Digitally strengthened, midwife-led intervention to reach the unreached mothers across ten conflict-prone provinces of Afghanistan during humanitarian crisis

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had significant negative impact on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with devastating impact on pregnant women in resource constrain humanitarian settings. This paper provides detailed account of a community midwife-led intervention in ten humanitarian settings of Afghanistan using world health organization (WHO) emergency disaster risk management (EDRM) framework.Objectives: The project is aimed at increasing access to Integrated Package of Essential SRH Services and Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) with a specific focus on prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) and screening and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: The project was implemented through 150 Community outreach midwives (COMs). Each midwife served 300 households; mentored by gynaecologists and supervisors. Midwives were trained through a digitally enabled, simulation based training and equipped with a set of off-the shelf devices and kits.Results: During COVID-19 pandemic and in absence of health care services during crisis, this intervention has played as a lifesaving intervention for the community in Afghanistan. Variable digital literacy, sociocultural barriers, reluctance in adapting to digital platforms, security and uncertainties were some of the challenges faced. Adaptation of outreach methods integrated high impactful digital technologies has been the most appropriate strategy "to reach the unreached".Conclusion: Through this model, national and global stakeholders were engaged even during the crisis in Afghanistan. It also provided vital inputs for the donors, governments, civil society organizations and other stakeholders for sustaining and advancing the delivery of quality SRH services in humanitarian settings

Influence of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of Zn0.9Cd0.1S Nanoparticles

Zn0.9Cd0.1S nanoparticles doped with 0.005–0.24 M cobalt have been prepared by co-precipitation technique in ice bath at 280 K. For the cobalt concentration >0.18 M, XRD pattern shows unidentified phases along with Zn0.9Cd0.1S sphalerite phase. For low cobalt concentration (≤0.05 M) particle size, dXRDis ~3.5 nm, while for high cobalt concentration (>0.05 M) particle size decreases abruptly (~2 nm) as detected by XRD. However, TEM analysis shows the similar particle size (~3.5 nm) irrespective of the cobalt concentration. Local strain in the alloyed nanoparticles with cobalt concentration of 0.18 M increases ~46% in comparison to that of 0.05 M. Direct to indirect energy band-gap transition is obtained when cobalt concentration goes beyond 0.05 M. A red shift in energy band gap is also observed for both the cases. Nanoparticles with low cobalt concentrations were found to have paramagnetic nature with no antiferromagnetic coupling. A negative Curie–Weiss temperature of −75 K with antiferromagnetic coupling was obtained for the high cobalt concentration