Rotary Endodontics in Pediatric Dentistry: Literature Review.

Pulpectomy is indicated in primary teeth with carious pulp exposures in which coronal and radicular pulp exhibits clinical signs of hyperemia or evidence of pulp necrosis with or without caries involvement. In primary teeth, it can be challenging and time-consuming, especially during canal preparation, which is considered one of the most important steps in root canal therapy. The development of NiTi rotary files has helped pediatric dentists also. With the availability of rapidly coming versions of these files, it may be difficult to pick appropriate file systems and techniques most suitable for an individual case. Practitioners must always bear in mind that all file systems have benefits and weaknesses

Discoloration of Teeth: A Literature Review

The psychological and social impact of tooth staining on patient has been greatly reported. Tooth staining may be the result of different etiological factors, it may have different appearances, location and severity. Tooth discoloration is mainly caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. There are various types of treatment available and it depends upon the underlying etiology and depth of the lesion. Treatment can be microabrasion of enamel, bleaching, veneers and crowns

Altered Fractional Anisostropy in Early Huntington’s Disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease best known for chorea. The disorder includes numerous other clinical features including mood disorder, eye movement abnormalities, cognitive disturbance, pendular knee reflexes, motor impersistence, and postural instability. We describe a mild case of HD early in the disease course with depression and subtle neurological manifestations. In addition, we review MRI and diffusion tensor imaging features in this patient. The bicaudate ratio, a measure of caudate atrophy, was increased. Fractional anisotropy values of the bilateral caudate and putamen were increased, signifying neurodegeneration of these structures in HD

Tooth Regeneration: Turning Hopes into Realities

Functional tooth regeneration has shown promising therapeutic strategy. Tooth regeneration is possible by combine use of adult stem cells, growth factors, and scaffold. In recent years, researchers have explored tooth regeneration. Significant effort has been made in recent decades to identify and characterize tooth stem cells and to unravel the developmental programs which these cells follow to generate a tooth

[1-11C]-Butanol Positron Emission Tomography reveals an impaired brain to nasal turbinates pathway in aging amyloid positive subjects

Abstract Background Reduced clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been suggested as a pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With extensive documentation in non-human mammals and contradictory human neuroimaging data it remains unknown whether the nasal mucosa is a CSF drainage site in humans. Here, we used dynamic PET with [1-11C]-Butanol, a highly permeable radiotracer with no appreciable brain binding, to test the hypothesis that tracer drainage from the nasal pathway reflects CSF drainage from brain. As a test of the hypothesis, we examined whether brain and nasal fluid drainage times were correlated and affected by brain amyloid. Methods 24 cognitively normal subjects (≥ 65 years) were dynamically PET imaged for 60 min. using [1-11C]-Butanol. Imaging with either [11C]-PiB or [18F]-FBB identified 8 amyloid PET positive (Aβ+) and 16 Aβ- subjects. MRI-determined regions of interest (ROI) included: the carotid artery, the lateral orbitofrontal (LOF) brain, the cribriform plate, and an All-turbinate region comprised of the superior, middle, and inferior turbinates. The bilateral temporalis muscle and jugular veins served as control regions. Regional time-activity were used to model tracer influx, egress, and AUC. Results LOF and All-turbinate 60 min AUC were positively associated, thus suggesting a connection between the brain and the nose. Further, the Aβ+ subgroup demonstrated impaired tracer kinetics, marked by reduced tracer influx and slower egress. Conclusion The data show that tracer kinetics for brain and nasal turbinates are related to each other and both reflect the amyloid status of the brain. As such, these data add to evidence that the nasal pathway is a potential CSF drainage site in humans. These data warrant further investigation of brain and nasal contributions to protein clearance in neurodegenerative disease