The Difference between Field Independent and Field Dependent Cognitive Styles regarding Translation Quality

Cognitive translation studies are one of the assorted fields under research in translation studies trying to deal with the complex cognitive process of translator while rendering. This study investigated the difference between field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD) English translation students in Iran concerning translation of an English literary text. 297 female and male undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University of Tehran participated in this study. The researcher administered two main tests in order, the piloted TOEFL test for homogenizing the participants in terms of English language proficiency and then GEFT test to recognize FI and FD students. Afterwards, FI and FD groups translated the same text. As a result of the statistical analysis it was signified that FI students outperformed the FD ones regarding translation of a literary text

Population genetic study on common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris Nordmann, 1840) in the Southwest Caspian Sea (Gilan Province, Iran) using microsatellite markers

This study represents population genetic analysis of the common kilka Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) in the southwest Caspian Sea (Gilan Province). A total of 60 specimens of adult common kilka were sampled from two seasons (spring and summer), 2010. Fifteen pairs of microsatellites previously developed for American shad (Alosa sapidissima), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) were tested on genomic DNA of common kilka. Alleles frequencies, the fixation index RST, observed and expected heterozygosity were determined at disomic loci amplified from fin tissue samples. Five pairs of primers (Cpa6, Cpa8, Cpa104, Cpa125 and AcaC051) as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation of the common kilka population. Analyses revealed that an average of alleles per locus was 14.4 (range 5 to 21 alleles per locus in regions). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.153 and 0.888, respectively. All loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Based on AMOVA, RST values was found to be 0.113 (Nm=1.96, P<0.01). The genetic distance between populations was 0.344, which indicates that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. These results support the existence of different genetic populations along the Caspian Sea coast (Guilan Province).Key words: Population genetic, Southwest Caspian Sea, microsatellite, Clupeonella cultriventris

Replacement of fish oil with canola vegetable oil-based diets on growth and survival rate of Caspian trout, Salmo caspius fry

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of canola oil on growth performance and survival rate of Caspian trout (Salmo caspius) fry during replacement with canola oil over a period of 60 days. 180 pieces of fish fry (4.6 ± 0.23 g in weight) with a density of 15 individuals were placed in 300-liter fiberglass tanks. Four treatments each with 3 replicates were fed with diets including 100% fish oil (T1), 100% canola oil (T2), 50% fish oil and 50% canola oil (T3), 70% fish oil and 30% canola oil (T4) with the same protein and fat levels of 43% and 14%, respectively. The results showed that the highest weight (26.46 g), final length (13.46 cm) and specific growth rate (2.97%/day) belonged to T3 exhibiting a significant difference with other treatments (p≤0.05). Moreover, the lowest value of feed conversion ratio (1.41) and the highest amount of condition factor (1.17 ± 0.08) were also found in T3. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The highest protein efficiency coefficient of 2.37 was found in T4, exhibiting a significant difference with other treatments (p≤0.05). The survival rate among all treatments was 100% (with no mortality). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the partialy replacement of fish oil with canola oil (50% fish oil with 50% canola oil) in the diet of Caspian trout not only has no negative impact on growth indices and survival rate, but also can enhance these indices and decrease costs by reducing the length of the culture period

MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS OF GOLDEN GREY MULLET Chelon auratus (Risso, 1810) IN THE FEREYDOON – KENAR AND RAMSAR COASTS (SOUTH CASPIAN SEA, IRAN)

Genetska struktura cipla zlatara, Liza aurata, istražena na obalama Fereydoon-Kenara i Ramsara (jug Kaspijskog jezera, Iran) pomoću 6 mikrosatelitskih markera dizajniranih za cipla bataša (Mugil cephalus) i Liza haematocheila. Ukupno je sakupljeno 60 odraslih primjeraka L. aurata iz tih regija. Sve početnice polimofnih lokusa su upotrijebljene za analizu genetske varijacije. Analiza je otkrila kako je prosječan broj alela (Na) po lokusu 6,2 (raspon je 3 do 9 alela). Sve regije uzorka sadržavale su privatne alele. Prosječne procjene vrijednosti koeficijenta parenja u bliskom srodstvu (Fis) na 6 mikrosatelita su pozitivne. Prosječna promatrana i očekivana heterozigotnost je 0,394 i 0,743. Devijacije od Hardy-Weinbergovog modela ravnoteže zabilježene su u svim slučajevima (P<0,001). Procjene F statistike (Fst) i genskog toka (Nm) bile su 0,078 i 2,9. Fst procjene u AMOVA ukazuju na značajnu gensku diferencijaciju između regija (P<0,01). Genetska udaljenost je 0,679, što upućuje na izraženu genetsku diferencijaciju između proučavanih populacija. Podaci proizašli iz ove studije pružaju genetsku varijaciju i genetsku diferencijaciju u populacijama poput C. auratus na jugu Kaspijskog jezera.Genetic structure of golden grey mullet Chelon auratus investigated in the Fereydoon-Kenar and Ramsar coasts (south Caspian Sea, Iran), using 6 microsatellite markers designed for gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and hand mullet (Liza haematocheila). A total of 60 samples of adult C. auratus were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 6.2 (range 3 to 9 alleles). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.394 and 0.743, respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P<0.001). F-statistics (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) estimates in allele frequencies were 0.078 and 2.9, respectively. Fst estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions (P<0.01). Genetic distance was 0.679 indicating that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The data generated in this study provides genetic variation and differentiation in populations of C. auratus in the southern Caspian Sea

Lead and Cadmium Pollution in the Southern Caspian Sea Basin through Liza aurata using the GIS System

The present study aimed to survey heavy and toxic metal pollution (lead and cadmium) in the southern Caspian Sea basin through Liza aurata using geographic information system (GIS).  Samples of the gill tissue of adult Liza aurata were taken in 10 stations over the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in spring and fall. Interpolation method, Kennedy density function, Moran test, and Gi* index in the GIS were used to determine the spatial distribution, density, zoning and distribution pattern of the metals. The uptake of lead and cadmium was 1.88 and 1.23 µg/g in spring, and 1.42 and 0.79 µg/g in fall, respectively. Analysis of GIS maps showed that concentration and centralization of both metals reduced from East to West. According to Moran test and Gi* index, the distribution of the metals had a strong and hot cluster pattern that reveals the accumulation and closeness of high-density polluted areas. Finally, it can be stated that the pollution of the eastern part of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Turkman and Khajeh-nafs) is higher than permissible international standard limits

Assessment of the Consumption Risk of Fifteen Heavy Metals in Liza aurata in the Caspian Sea

The goal of this study was to measure the concentration of 15 heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, aluminum, vanadium, tin, and thallium, chromium, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, iron, and cobalt) in the muscle tissue of the golden grey mullet (Liza aurata). Moreover, dayly and weekly EDI of these metals for children and adults, the allowable intake limits, and the THQ associated with consumption of this fish species were calculated compared to the risk of noncancerous diseases. To this end, 100 mature L. aurata were obtained from different parts on the shoreline of the Caspian Sea. Preparation and chemical digestion of the species were carried out in accordance with the standard instructions. The accumulation of the metals in the muscle tissue was Fe> Zn> Mn> Co> Cu> Cr> Cd> Ni> Hg> Pb> Al> Sn> As> TI> V. Concentration of the mentioned metals was lower than the WHO-approved limits proposed for humans, and thus the results reflected the relative health of golden grey mullets. The risk of noncancerous diseases with each of the 15 metals was lower than 1. Moreover, the total hazard index (HI) was 0.065 in this research, indicating that the consumption of golden grey mullet does not have a harmful effect on consumers. The highest risk of non-carcinogenic diseases in toxic metals was mercury and in non-toxic metals was manganese. Also, the accumulation of heavy metals in fish caught from the coasts of the Guilan and Golestan provinces were higher than the coast of Mazandaran province

Microsatellite analysis of golden grey mullet Chelon auratus (Risso, 1810) in the Fereydoon-Kenar and Ramsar coasts (south Caspian Sea, Iran)

Genetic structure of golden grey mullet Chelon auratus investigated in the Fereydoon-Kenar and Ramsar coasts (south Caspian Sea, Iran), using 6 microsatellite markers designed for gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and hand mullet (Liza haematocheila). A total of 60 samples of adult C. auratus were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 6.2 (range 3 to 9 alleles). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.394 and 0.743, respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P<0.001). F-statistics (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) estimates in allele frequencies were 0.078 and 2.9, respectively. Fst estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions (P<0.01). Genetic distance was 0.679 indicating that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The data generated in this study provides genetic variation and differentiation in populations of C. auratus in the southern Caspian Sea

Genetic variability and differentiation of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) in southern Caspian Sea and Aras dam

Common carp CyprinuscarpioL. is an important economic species in Caspian Sea. Genetic variability and differentiation of common carp investigated in and Gorgan rood estuary, Ramsar shoreline, Anzali wetland and Aras dam using microsatellite markers. A total of 100 specimens of adult common carp were sampled from regions. Seven pairs of microsatellites were tested on the common carp. In this study, only five primer pairs (MFW6,MFW7،MFW9، SyP4 و Ca3/4) were used successfully. Analyses revealed that the average of alleles per locus was 7.7 (range 2 to 12 alleles per locus in regions). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.790 and 0.863, respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were seen in most cases. Average of Fis, Nm and FSTwere -0.104, 2.9 and 0.099 respectively. FSTbandRSTestimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions, indicating that the populations were divergent. The data generated in this study provides useful information on the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of common carp