Modelling of proteolysis in Iranian brined cheese using proteinase-loaded nanoliposome

In this study, Flavourzyme was encapsulated in liposomes to accelerate the ripening of Iranian white cheese. Liposomal enzyme was prepared using a modified heating method. The influence of enzyme content, ripening time and curd retention in saturated brine on proteolysis indices and sensory perception was investigated using response surface methodology. The most influential factor on proteolysis indices was ripening time, while the content of liposomal enzyme and retention time were also significant (P < 0.05). The maximum proteolysis indices and highest sensory characteristic scores were achieved by applying 0.3% w/w enzyme, ripening for 30 days and 8-h curd retention in saturated brine

Method and apparatus for sensing the rotor position of a switched reluctance motor

Apparatus and method for detecting rotor (12) position in a switched reluctance motor (18) having multiple stator phases (A-A', B-B', and C-C'). A multiplexer (48) intermittently connects a known resistor (54) to a non-conducting stator phase. Circuitry (62 and 68) detects the amplitude of the current passing through the resistor (54) and the phase difference between the varying voltage and the current passing through resistor (54). The resulting signal is proportional to the position of rotor (12).U

Inverse dual converter for high-power applications

An inverse dual converter circuit (20) provides continuous voltage step-up or step-down control over a wide range and without the need of a transformer. The converter comprises an input DC voltage source (22) for generating an input DC voltage. An inverse dual converter bridge receives the input DC voltage and comprises a network of source voltage converters (26), an AC link circuit (28), and a network of load voltage converters (32). The source voltage converters (26) and load voltage converters (32) operate at the same frequency, but at a different phase. The AC link circuit (28) stores energy to be transferred from the source voltage converters (26) to the load voltage converters (32) and supplies reverse voltage bias for commutation. The inverse dual DC-DC (20) converter may include circuitry (180) for controlling the output DC voltage and for regulating output current continuity. Topological variations of the basic circuit include transformer coupled (140), multi-phase (80) and multi-pulse derivations. The single-phase inverse dual converter circuit (20) offers a buck-boost operation over a wide range without a transformer, bi-directional power flow, and complimentary commutation of converters. The commutation mechanism provided in the inverse dual converter circuit (20), when combined with gate turn-off switch thyristors provides zero current switching. This allows operation at high frequencies in high-power applications, with high efficiency.U

Method and apparatus for sensing the rotor position of a switched reluctance motor

Apparatus and method for detecting rotor (12) position in a switched reluctance motor (18) having multiple stator phases (A-A', B-B', and C-C'). A multiplexer (48) intermittently connects a known resistor (54) to a non-conducting stator phase. Circuitry (62 and 68) detects the amplitude of the current passing through the resistor (54) and the phase difference between the varying voltage and the current passing through resistor (54). The resulting signal is proportional to the position of rotor (12).U

Position sensor elimination technique for the switched reluctance motor drive

Rotor position information for a switched reluctance (SR) motor drive is obtained indirectly in response to the motor phase inductance. An oscillator generates a signal having a time period that is a function of the inductance. The signal is processed by other circuits to obtain proper instants of commutation. In the preferred motor drive, the energized phase windings are isolated from the oscillator, and periodic signals are obtained which have periods indicating the phase inductances of the unenergized phase windings. The periods are compared to threshold values to obtain position indicating signals, and commutating signals are derived from the position indicating signals.U

Inverse dual converter for high-power applications

An inverse dual converter circuit (20) provides continuous voltage step-up or step-down control over a wide range and without the need of a transformer. The converter comprises an input DC voltage source (22) for generating an input DC voltage. An inverse dual converter bridge receives the input DC voltage and comprises a network of source voltage converters (26), an AC link circuit (28), and a network of load voltage converters (32). The source voltage converters (26) and load voltage converters (32) operate at the same frequency, but at a different phase. The AC link circuit (28) stores energy to be transferred from the source voltage converters (26) to the load voltage converters (32) and supplies reverse voltage bias for commutation. The inverse dual DC-DC (20) converter may include circuitry (180) for controlling the output DC voltage and for regulating output current continuity. Topological variations of the basic circuit include transformer coupled (140), multi-phase (80) and multi-pulse derivations. The single-phase inverse dual converter circuit (20) offers a buck-boost operation over a wide range without a transformer, bi-directional power flow, and complimentary commutation of converters. The commutation mechanism provided in the inverse dual converter circuit (20), when combined with gate turn-off switch thyristors provides zero current switching. This allows operation at high frequencies in high-power applications, with high efficiency.U

Capactive power circuit

A circuit for controlling power to a capacitive load includes a DC power source coupled in series with an inductor and the capacitive load. The inductor provides for resonant charging of the capacitive load from the DC source. A second inductor is used for resonantly discharging the capacitive load back to the power source. Solid state switches are included for selectively activating the charging and discharging of the capacitive load. An energy absorbing load is selectively coupled across the capacitive load to remove any residual voltage after a discharging process.U

Self-tuning control of switched-reluctance motor drive system

A system and method for controlling a switched-reluctance motor, in which a control variable is selected for controlling a figure of merit of the motor. The motor is then operated at a first value of the control variable. The control variable is adjusted to a second value, and the motor is operated at the second value of the control variable. A first indicator indicative of the figure of merit of the motor operating at the first value of the control variable is compared to a second indicator indicative of the figure of merit of the motor operating at the second value of the control variable. Thereafter, a new value is selected as the first value of the control variable in response to the comparison of the first indicator first to the second indicator.U