Investigating the effect of near infrared photo thermal therapy folic acid conjugated gold nano shell on melanoma cancer cell line A375

Nowadays, there is growing interest regarding the use of metal Nanoshells as targeted agents of Nano-photo thermal cancer therapy. This study was aimed at synthesis the folic acid (FA)-conjugated with silica @gold core-shell nanoparticles (FA-SiO2@AuNPs) for improving the treatment of melanoma cancer cells. The characterization data showed that the FA-SiO2@AuNPs is spherical in shape and its size is �73.7�nm. The intracellular uptake of FA-SiO2@AuNPs into melanoma cells (A375) was measured through the inductively coupled plasma, (�47.7). The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was investigated on A375 and HDF (Human dermal fibroblast) cell lines. Cytotoxicity results indicated that there is no significant cytotoxicity in HDF cell lines treated with nanoparticles. MTT and flow cytometry results showed that the viability of A375 cells treated by SiO2@Au and FA-SiO2@AuNPs was decreased significantly to about 31 and 16 respectively. The higher toxicity of cancer cells was obtained for the cells exposed to 808�nm near-infrared (NIR) laser after incubation with FA-SiO2@AuNPs rather than the non-targeted SiO2@AuNPs. Furthermore, about 64 more cell death was observed for A-375 cells using both photothermal therapy and treatment with FA-SiO2@AuNPs compared to photothermal therapy. Additionally, the majority of the cell deaths were related to the apoptosis process, not necrosis. It can be concluded that FA-SiO2@AuNPs was an effective targeting agent for photothermal therapy in the treatment of melanoma

NIR triggered glycosylated gold nanoshell as a photothermal agent on melanoma cancer cells

Nowadays, gold nanoshells are used in targeted nano photothermal cancer therapy. This study surveyed the application of gold nanoshell (GNs) to thermal ablative therapy for melanoma cancer cells and it takes advantage of the near infrared absorption of gold nanoshells. The synthesis and characterization of glycosylated gold nanoshells (GGNs) were done. The cytotoxicity and photothermal effects of GNs on melanoma cells were evaluated using MTT assay and flow cytometry. The characterization data showed that GGNs are spherical, with a hydrodynamic size of 46.7 nm. Results suggest that the cellular uptake of GGNs was about 78. Viability assays showed no significant toxicity at low concentrations of GNs. The higher heating rate and toxicity of cancer cells were obtained for the cells exposed to 808 nm NIR laser after incubation with GGNs rather than the GNs. The viability of these cells has dramatically decreased by 29. Furthermore, 61 more cell lethality was achieved for A375 cells using combined photothermal therapy and treatment with GGNs in comparison to NIR radiation alone. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the synthesized gold/silica core-shell nanoparticles conjugated with glucosamine have high potentials to be considered as an efficient metal-nanoshell in the process of targeted cancer photothermal therapy. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Electrically conductive nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Patient deaths resulting from cardiovascular diseases are increasing across the globe, posing the greatest risk to patients in developed countries. Myocardial infarction, as a result of inadequate blood flow to the myocardium, results in irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes which can lead to heart failure. A sequela of myocardial infarction is scar formation that can alter the normal myocardial architecture and result in arrhythmias. Over the past decade, a myriad of tissue engineering approaches has been developed to fabricate engineered scaffolds for repairing cardiac tissue. This paper highlights the recent application of electrically conductive nanomaterials (carbon and gold-based nanomaterials, and electroactive polymers) to the development of scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Moreover, this work summarizes the effects of these nanomaterials on cardiac cell behavior such as proliferation and migration, as well as cardiomyogenic differentiation in stem cells

Breast cancer cells imaging by targeting methionine transporters with gadolinium-based nanoprobe

Purpose: Early cancer diagnosis using MRI imaging is of high global interest as a non-invasive and powerful modality. In this study, methionine was conjugated on gadolinium-based mesoporous silica nanospheres to evaluate intra-cellular uptake and its accumulation in human breast cancer cells. Procedures: The contrast agent was synthesized and characterized using different techniques including N2 physisorption, thermal gravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The intra-cellular uptake of Gd3+ was measured by ICP-AES, fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry. Finally, cellular and tumor MR imaging were performed to determine in vitro and in vivo relaxometry. Results: According to the results, the contrast agents accumulated in tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. There was no significant cellular toxicity on either normal or cancer cells along with strong intense signal on T1 compared to the unlabeled cells. Conclusions: The results showed that the novel contrast agent could become a useful tool in early detection of cancer. © 2014 World Molecular Imaging Society

Preparation of Bio-Inspired Melanin Nanoplatforms Chelated with Manganese Ions as a Potential T1 MRI Contrast Agent

Commercial contrast agents demonstrated release risk of the toxic gadolinium ions, and designing of highly stable complexes of biogenic element such as Mn is challenging. In this contribution, Mn-melanin nanoparticles have been prepared and reacted with m-PEG. The effect of initial amount of Mn ions on the Mn absorption and its release by melanin nanoparticles (MNP) has been investigated. It has been found that MNP absorb and release more Mn ion by increasing the initial amount of Mn ions. It has been found that time and temperature has no significant effect on Mn absorption by MNP. It is found that the hydrodynamic size of MNP is in accordance with size of MNP which measured with TEM analysis (5.5±2 nm) and the effect of chain of m-PEG and conformational alteration of MNP is responsible of hydrodynamic size variation. The zeta potential of MNP is decreased by PEGylation and reaction with Mn ions. MNP�Mn-PEG demonstrated low toxicity up to 3.45 mg/mL after 24 h for human embryonic kidney cells. Finally, the r1 value of MNP�Mn-PEG is 10 fold higher than Dotarem as the commercial MRI contrast agent which can be administrated at much lower doses to achieve similar contrast of Dotarem. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei

Design and synthesis of potential nano-carrier for delivery of diphencyprone to hair follicle

Purpose: Poor bioavailability of diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), an effective drug for an autoimmune disorder of alopecia areata, limits its pharmaceutical effects. Carriers-based nanoparticles with especially porous structures can overcome these restrictions. Here, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MCM41, with high surface area and pore volume were synthesized for DPCP delivery to the hair follicles through skin tissue. Methods: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM41) were synthesized by the Stöber process and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Barrett�Joiner�Halenda and N2 adsorption isotherms for their physicochemical properties. HPLC method was used to determine drug entrapment efficiency and release behavior during 24 h. Cytotoxicity of formulations was evaluated using MTT assay and permeation profiles of DPCP (control sample) and DPCP-MCM41 into the rat skin were obtained by using Franz diffusion cells. Fluorescence microscopy and intrafollicular nanoparticle accumulation were examined using confocal microscopy. Results: Experiments showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with an average size of 50 ± 3 nm, high surface area, and porosity. Entrapment efficiency was about 90 and release behavior had sustained manner after 3 h. Fluorescent and confocal microscopy confirmed that the nanoparticles passed through follicular channels and aggregated around the hair follicles. Conclusion: MCM41 nanoparticles provide a promising nano-carrier for targeted drug delivery of DPCP to the human hair follicle. © 2021, The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology

In Vitro Evaluation of Gd3+-Anionic Linear Globular Dendrimer-Monoclonal Antibody: Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents for Prostate Cancer Cell Imaging

Purpose: Early stage prostate cancer diagnosis is of high global interest. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive modality for early cancer diagnosis, in particular for prostate cancer detection. The research aim is to synthesize a nanodendrimer and its conjugate with C595 monoclonal antibody (mAb C595), against prostate cancer, followed by its chelating with Gd3+. Procedures: Anti-MUC-1 mAb C595 was conjugated to an anionic linear globular dendrimer (ALGDG2). The polyethylene glycol core and citric acid shell were synthesized followed by loading with Gd3+ to make novel contrast agents for functional MRI. The in vitro behavior and MRI parameters of the nanoconjugate were investigated performing several studies such as cell toxicity and TNF-alpha evaluations. The investigation of magnetic resonance imaging parameters indicated how well nanoconjugate performs in 1H-NMR and 17O-NMR in vitro. Results: Results showed a potential specific MRI activity by improving the swelling responses cell binding. The MTT (2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay demonstrated that this contrast agent had significant cytotoxicity on prostate cancer cells. Conclusions: These results showed that Gd3+-ALGDG2-C595 is a potential prostate molecular imaging agent and could be considered as an ideal functional nanoprobe. Additionally, further investigations by clinical trials are in the pipeline. © 2015, World Molecular Imaging Society

Piperazine and its carboxylic acid derivatives-functionalized mesoporous silica as nanocarriers for gemcitabine: Adsorption and release study

Piperazine-functionalized SBA-15 nanorods were synthesized by post grafting method with methyldimethoxysilylpropylpiperazine (MDSP). The carboxylic acid derivatives of piperazine-functionalized SBA-15 nanorods were obtained using two different kinds of precursors (bromoacetic acid and succinic anhydride). The prepared materials were used as nanocarriers for the anticancer drug (gemcitabine). The obtained samples were characterized by SAXS, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, DLS, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, Raman and UV spectroscopies. The adsorption and release properties of all samples were investigated. In vitro study included cell toxicity. It was found that the surface functionalization increases the interaction between the carrier and gemcitabine and results in the loading enhancement of the drug. In addition, the adsorption of gemcitabine on the modified mesoporous matrix depends on the type of the introduced functional groups. The carboxylic acid-modified samples have higher loading content, due to the strong interaction with gemcitabine. The maximum content of deposited drug in the modified SBA-15 nanorods is close to 36 wt. that it is related to PC2-SBA-15 sample which obtained using succinic anhydride. The obtained results reveal that the surface functionalization leads toward a significant decrease of the drug release rate without any appreciable cytotoxicity. No significant differences are observed among the drug release rate from the modified samples. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

New salen-type manganese(III) Schiff base complexes derived from meso -1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethylenediamine: In vitro anticancer activity, mechanism of action, and molecular docking studies

Four new manganese(III) Schiff base complexes (1-4) were synthesized and characterized. The complexes have general formula MnClLx in which L represents a Schiff base ligand derived from condensation of meso-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethylenediamine with salicylaldehyde or its 3-OMe-, 5-Br-, or 5-OMe-derivatives (x = 1-4, respectively). The crystal structure of MnClL1 (1) was characterized by X-ray crystallography. The in vitro anticancer activity of these complexes was evaluated by MTT and apoptosis assays against human breast (MCF-7) and liver (Hep G2) cancer cells. The complexes exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity against both cell lines (IC50 = 10.8-21.02 M) comparable to cis-platin, except 4 (MCF-7). The highest activity was found for 1 with IC50 values of 13.62 M (MCF-7) and 10.8 M (Hep G2). Flow cytometry experiments showed that 1 induced apoptosis on MCF-7 tumor cell line. Docking simulations using AUTODOCK were also carried out. The results showed that all complexes fitted into the minor groove region of DNA. © 2015 Taylor & Francis

Folic acid decorated mesoporous silica nanospheres loaded with gadolinium for breast cancer cell imaging

In cancer cells, some of the transporters are overexpressed. Therefore targeted contrast agent delivery by functionalized nanoparticles is probable to advanced molecular imaging and cancer cell identification in the early stages of cancer. In this research, folic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanospheres, loaded with gadolinium, were prepared and characterized by various techniques. FSG nanoprobe cellular uptake was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by ICP-AES, flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscopy in cell lines which expressed different levels of folic acid receptors. The cellular uptake of FSG nanoprobe by cancer cells was about 62 which is 2.6 times higher than cellular uptake of nanoprobe without folic acid targeting group. The average of FSG nanoprobe cellular uptake was 0.6 0.1 pg Gd3+ per cancer cell without any toxicity. The r 1 relaxivity of this nanoprobe in cancer cells was measured at 10.1 6.0 mM-1 s-1 per Gd3+ base. The results demonstrated that the present synthesized nanoprobe is promising one for cancer cell detection and delivering a sufficient amount of Gd3+ as contrast agents into cancer cells. © 2020 Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology