The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy on Pain Tolerance and Trait-State Anxiety Among Children with leukemia cancer in Isfahan City

Introduction: Due to the painful and long-term treatments of cancer, children with cancer may suffer from severe psychological problems such as anxiety and decreased level of pain tolerance. Accordingly, psychological treatments such as play therapy can be helpful in this regard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on pain tolerance and trait-state anxiety in children with cancer in Isfahan. Method: The statistical population of this study was all children aged 9 to 12 years old who were referred to specialized cancer clinic of Isfahan in 2016. 30 of them were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. The results were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results of data analysis indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy games resulted in increased pain tolerance and decreased trait anxiety in children with cancer (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, cognitive-behavioral play therapy can be used as a complementary therapy to relieve anxiety and increase pain tolerance in these children. Declaration of Interest: None

Effectiveness of English Language Teaching on Aggression and Anxiety in the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease

Introduction: When aging starts, the human being becomes prone and vulnerable to a variety of diseases and disorders, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the main reason for about 80% of the cases of dementia in older adults. AD is associated with a range of challenging disorders, such as aggression and anxiety, which make the lives of patients more difficult. This study aimed at investigating the impact of English language teaching on aggression and anxiety among older people with AD. Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with the control group. The participants of the study included 40 Iranian (20 males and 20 females) older adults (≥ 65 years) who were suffering from AD in Kerman province, Iran, and also they were selected through convenience sampling. The exercise group participated in 20 sessions of English language teaching three times a week in 40 minutes. Then, the effect of English language teaching on both aggression and anxiety was analyzed. The required data were collected through the Persian version of the Bass-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Persian version of the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data analysis was conducted by running descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Leven test, and one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: English language teaching significantly affected aggression among older people with AD (F= 9.112 p < 0.05, w2 = 0.178) similarly; it significantly affected anxiety (F = 9.147 p < 0.05, w2 = 0.130). Conclusion: English language teaching significantly improves aggression and anxiety among older people with AD. The findings have implications for the elderly with AD and their families, psychiatrists, and English language teaching policymakers. Corresponding Author: Neda Fatehi Rad View Orcid in Profile You can search for this author in PubMed     Google Scholar Profil

Investigating the Cost Efficiency in the Banking System: The Case of Bank Mellat

Banks have important roles in economy, such as mobilization of funds, intermediation, and utilization of fund and financial management. Even in developed economies, banks are on the center of financial and economic movements and they are the basis of monetary policies. In this research, we have investigated the cost-efficiency of banking systems (the case study of the Bank Mellat in the period 1991-2003). We have also estimated the cost-efficiency by using the parametric technique (econometrics) and Translog Stochastic Frontier Cost Function. The advantage of this method is that it divides inefficiency into two independent residuals including cost-inefficiency and stochastic factors. After estimating of the cost function and finding the inefficiency factor, we realize that 10 percent of variance of model's errors is attributed to inefficiency factors. On the other hand, our research show that the total cost to minimum cost ration of the Bank Mellat is 1.07. It means that during this period, the Bank Mellat had only 7 percent inefficiency and the trend of inefficiency was stable during the whole period