Inference of Mulla Sadra's Ethical Views in the Four Realms of Meta-Ethics

Meta-ethics is an important and fundamental part of ethical philosophy. Normative ethics discusses the ethical criterion and definition of happiness and obligation; but Meta-ethics deals with its background. In other words, it puts ethical propositions into philosophical questions in terms of meaning, cognition, and truth. In the intellectual system of transcendent wisdom, metaphysical issues and sheer philosophy are studied in order to help human beings to develop and transcend. In fact, human ethics and transcendence along with theology are two main goals of transcendent wisdom. In this regard, it is important to understand Mulla Sadra's views on meta-ethics as well as to discover and deduce it among Mulla Sadra's philosophical views. While defining meta-ethics, explaining its domains and asking main questions about each of these domains, the method of comparative study is used in this paper in order to provide the most appropriate and consistent possible answers to questions in the realm of meta-ethics - based on Mulla Sadra's views on the originality of existence Substantial motion and Union of Intelligent and Intelligible and so on.

Investigating The Compatibility of Mulla Sadra's Ethics with the Three Schools of Normative

Philosophy of ethics in today's classification is divided into two branches of Meta Ethics and Normative Ethics. Normative Ethics specifically discusses moral actions, moral standards, happiness, and moral living conditions. In this branch of study, three schools of Virtue theory, Deontology theory and Consequentialism have been manifested and each of them has expressed the criteria of good deeds and happiness of human life according to their specific attitude. The issues raised in these three schools can be summed up together, and there is no contradiction in the fact that a moral thinker chooses and believes in each of the cases and wants to somehow combine these three views in his thought. But the criterion for placing a moral philosopher in one of these three schools is that he prioritizes a moral act in which of the tasks, desirable results, or action according to the virtuous soul. Mulla Sadra, as a really important and influential philosopher, has such an intellectual greatness that he cannot be placed in a special school. His views somehow include the concerns of all schools of thought. Therefore, in the field of philosophy of ethics, the views of all three mentioned moral schools can be seen in Mulla Sadra's moral system. To compare the compatibility of the three schools with the moral system of Mulla Sadra, first the main axis of each of the three schools will be defined and explained, and then a short but comprehensive and useful report of the moral system of Mulla Sadra will be given and in the final part, the Sadra's ethics ethical system will be compared with each of the three schools.