Previous Messages Provide the Key to Achieve Shannon Capacity in a Wiretap Channel

We consider a wiretap channel and use previously transmitted messages to generate a secret key which increases the secrecy capacity. This can be bootstrapped to increase the secrecy capacity to the Shannon capacity without using any feedback or extra channel while retaining the strong secrecy of the wiretap channel.Comment: Accepted for IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshop (ICC) 2013, Budapest, Hungary. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.570

Resource Allocation in a MAC with and without security via Game Theoretic Learning

In this paper a $K$-user fading multiple access channel with and without security constraints is studied. First we consider a F-MAC without the security constraints. Under the assumption of individual CSI of users, we propose the problem of power allocation as a stochastic game when the receiver sends an ACK or a NACK depending on whether it was able to decode the message or not. We have used Multiplicative weight no-regret algorithm to obtain a Coarse Correlated Equilibrium (CCE). Then we consider the case when the users can decode ACK/NACK of each other. In this scenario we provide an algorithm to maximize the weighted sum-utility of all the users and obtain a Pareto optimal point. PP is socially optimal but may be unfair to individual users. Next we consider the case where the users can cooperate with each other so as to disagree with the policy which will be unfair to individual user. We then obtain a Nash bargaining solution, which in addition to being Pareto optimal, is also fair to each user. Next we study a $K$-user fading multiple access wiretap Channel with CSI of Eve available to the users. We use the previous algorithms to obtain a CCE, PP and a NBS. Next we consider the case where each user does not know the CSI of Eve but only its distribution. In that case we use secrecy outage as the criterion for the receiver to send an ACK or a NACK. Here also we use the previous algorithms to obtain a CCE, PP or a NBS. Finally we show that our algorithms can be extended to the case where a user can transmit at different rates. At the end we provide a few examples to compute different solutions and compare them under different CSI scenarios.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures. Part of the paper was presented in 2016 IEEE Information theory and applicaitons (ITA) Workshop, San Diego, USA in Feb. 2016. Submitted to journa

Impact of Play on Early Childhood

In this essay, the concept of play is explored within the context of early childhood education, emphasizing its definition, functions, and developmental significance. This study examines many theoretical viewpoints and their consequences as it explores the multidimensional character of play, drawing on the insights of scholars and researchers. It also looks at specific types of play, such as play in the outdoors, play for children with special needs, and play's relationship to education. This investigation emphasizes the critical role that play plays in early childhood and development, emphasizing the value of play in promoting learning experiences and holistic growth

Enhancement of Map Function Image Processing System using DHRF Algorithm on Big Data in the Private Cloud Tool

Cloud computing is the concept of distributing a work and also processing the same work over the internet. Cloud computing is called as service on demand. It is always available on the internet in Pay and Use mode. Processing of the Big Data takes more time to compute MRI and DICOM data. The processing of hard tasks like this can be solved by using the concept of MapReduce. MapReduce function is a concept of Map and Reduce functions. Map is the process of splitting or dividing data. Reduce function is the process of integrating the output of the Map2019;s input to produce the result. The Map function does two various image processing techniques to process the input data. Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) is introduced in the map function in this proposed work. The processed intermediate data of the Map function is sent to the Reduce function for the further process. The Dynamic Handover Reduce Function (DHRF) algorithm is introduced in the reduce function in this work. This algorithm is implemented in the Reduce function to reduce the waiting time while processing the intermediate data. The DHRF algorithm gives the final output by processing the Reduce function. The enhanced MapReduce concept and proposed optimized algorithm is made to work on Euca2ool (a Cloud tool) to produce an effective and better output when compared with the previous work in the field of Cloud Computing and Big Data

Correlation of Pseudo Cholinesterase level with clinical assessment and outcome in organo phosphorus poisoning

INTRODUCTION: The organophosphorus compounds may be inhaled or ingested accidentally or intentionally, in industries, trade, agricultural fields or homes. The German chemist Gerhard Schrader is credited for the discovery of the general chemical structure of anticholinesterase OP compounds, and for the synthesis of the first commercialized OP insecticides. (Bladan, containing TEPP (Tetra ethyl pyrophosphate) as the active ingredient, and for one of the most known, parathion in 1944. Since then hundreds of OP compounds have been made and commercialized worldwide in a variety of formulations. Organophosphorus compounds are antiacetyl cholinesterases which exert their toxicity by interfering with the normal function of acetyl choline, an essential neuro transmitter throughout the autonomic and central nervous system. The manifestations of toxicity are a result of this effect, affecting the patients physiology. The anticholinesterase effects can be evidenced biochemically by suppression in the plasma levels of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and of red cell cholinesterase (AChE). AIM AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To estimate Pseudo cholinesterase enzyme levels at the time of admission in acute organophosphorus poisoning. 2. To determine whether the Pseudo cholinesterase level has a diagnostic significance. 3. To assess whether the Pseudo cholinesterase levels correlate with the severity and outcome of organophosphorus poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with history and clinical features of organophosphorus poisoning admitted to the IMCU of Tirunelveli Medical College hospital between October 2009 to August 2010 were included in this study. Patients were selected irrespective of their age or sex. INCLUSION CRITERIA for the study were as follows: 1. Provisional diagnosis of organophosphorus poisoning in a patient irrespective of age / sex, based on history by attenders. This was substantiated by examination of the containers. 2. Clinical features suggestive of severe grade of organophosphorus poisoning with clinical evidence of respiratory insufficiency. EXCLUSION CRITERIA for the study as follows: 1. Patient with double insecticide / multiple poisoning with other drugs such as opioids, diazepam, barbiturate etc. 2. Patients with history of respiratory diseases like bronchial asthma, cardiac diseases, neuromuscular diseases like myasthenia graves or muscular dystrophy or other concomitant illness. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: In this present study, the study subjects were analysed according to their demographic characteristics by computing the averages and compared by the test of significance students 't' tests. The study variables and attributes were correlated and associated by correlation coefficients and P2 (Chi-square) tests where ever applicable. The above statistical procedure were undertaken by statistical package S.P.S.S (13.0). The value of P < 0.05 was treated as significant. CONCLUSION: The present study on pseudo cholinesterase levels in organophosphorous poisoning patients was conducted in 100 patients admitted in Intensive Medical Care Unit of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital. 1. We found in our study that the patients were predominantly males, between the age group of 20 to 40 years. There was significant association between the presence of nicotinic features or respiratory failure, atropine dose used and outcome of poisoning. 2. In majority of cases, we found suppression of Pseudo cholinesterase level at the time of admission to the hospital, which confirms the diagnosis of organophosphorus poisoning. However our study did not reveal any relation between • PChE levels and the time of presentation after poisoning. • PChE levels and respiratory insufficiency. • PChE levels and atropine dose used. • PChE levels and mortality