Perspective Chapter: Telehealth Technologies for the Elderly People

Home telehealth technology delivers a telemedicine tool for elder adults to take an active role in the management of their chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the requirements and applications of home telehealth systems to monitor health parameters of the elderly. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science complemented by Google Scholar were searched. This systematic review was conducted based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In this study, 21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. There were 80 different requirements and 15 types of applications to create a home telehealth system specifically for the elderly. The highest frequency of applications element was related to the “blood pressure” (18%) and the lowest frequency related to items such as blood coagulation (1%) monitoring. Other systems` elements were “alert system” (12%), “information analysis” (12%), smartphone (20%), and internet (23%). Recognizing all used requirements and achieved capabilities may assist in designing more effective systems. They might be expanded at national level to meet the elderly’s needs at a greater scale

Monkeypox: a systematic review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and outcomes

Introduction. Since May 2022, an unusually large number of new monkeypox infections-a previously rare viral zoonotic disease, mainly reported from central and western Africa has been reported globally, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency in July 2022. We aimed to systematically review the monkeypox virus epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, presentations, and outcomes. Materials and methods. Our aim is to systematically review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and outcomes of Monkeypox disease. We searched the keywords in the online databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and investigated all English articles until December 2022. In order to ascertain the findings, this study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. In order to optimize the quality, this review study benefits from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. To minimize any probable bias risk, we utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) risk assessment tool. Results. The most prevalent symptoms were rash and fever. The infection was accompanied by different complications such as, but not limited to, encephalitis (mainly in children), septicemia, bacterial cellulitis, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, etc. A wide range of hospitalization from 3.7% to 100% has been reported. The mortality rate ranged from 0% to 23%, which mainly occurred in infants and children. High mortality of the monkeypox rate was reported among pregnant women. The mortality rate of monkeypox is lower among women and those who received the smallpox vaccine compared to men and those who did not receive the vaccine. A wide range of the overall second-rate attack was reported, which is more pronounced in unvaccinated patients. Conclusion. In our systematic review of 35 studies on monkeypox, we cast light on the existing evidence on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestation, and outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the natural history of the disease in various patients’ population, as well as detailing the monkeypox attack rate

Need and Priority Assessment of Kerman's Teaching Hospitals to Implementation of RFID Technology

Introduction: Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is one of the information technology achievements that can simultaneously cover the information management, authentication, and tracking. This study is intended to determine the needs and priority assessment of Kerman's teaching hospitals to implement RFID technology. Method: This study was a cross-sectional and quantitative one carried out in six wards of teaching hospitals in Kerman city in 2015. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was separately designed for each ward. SPSS software version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the emergency department, based on its functional status, had the most urgent need to implement RFID technology. Also, from the perspective of the study subjects, the priority of RFID implementation respectively in emergency departments and medical equipment was more than other wards. Conclusion: Since the studied wards of Kerman teaching hospitals have a lot of problems, and prevalence of any of these problems can lead to ineffectiveness of activity in hospitals, increase in costs, and ultimately endangering the lives of patients, implementation RFID system is essential to solve these problems. Considering the importance of time in the emergency department and also given the studied personnel point of view, emergency department had the greatest need to RFID Implementation technology

Can children of the Sputnik V vaccine recipients become symptomatic?

Sputnik V is one of the most promising vaccines, utilizing an Adenovirus vector to cause immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Concerns existed against Adenovirus infection with this vaccine, although seemed to be a rare event. In this study, we observed that 15/18 (83%) of the children of the Sputnik V recipients became symptomatic and developed transient fever and chills for 1–2 days starting after 2–5 days following the vaccination of their parents that can be related to an Adenovirus infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting such symptoms in the children of Sputnik V recipients, and the results should be validated by larger studies

Assessment of virtual education during the covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of faculty members and students: a cross-sectional descriptive study in northwest Iran

Abstract Background Since the coronavirus outbreak, many countries have replaced traditional education with virtual education in order to prevent the disease spread, and also avoid stopping education. The aim of the present study was to assess the virtual education status at Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences during the covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of students and faculty members. Methods This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted between December 2021and February 2022. The study population included faculty members and students who were selected by consensus. Data collection instruments included demographic information form and a virtual education assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using independent T-test, one sample T-test, Pearson Correlation, and ANOVA test in SPSS software. Results A total of 231 students and 22 faculty members of Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences participated in the present study. The response rate was 66.57%. The mean and standard deviation of assessment scores of students (3.3 ± 0.72) were lower than those of faculty members (3.94 ± 0.64), which showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). User access to the virtual education system (3.8 ± 0.85) and lesson presentation (4.28 ± 0.71) obtained the highest scores from the perspective of students and faculty members, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between employment status and the assessment score of faculty members (p = 0.01), and the field of study (p < 0.01), the year of university entrance (p = 0.01), and the assessment score of students. Conclusion The results showed a higher than mean assessment score in both groups of faculty members and students. There was a difference between faculty members and students in terms of virtual education scores in the parts that require the creation of better processes and more complete capabilities in the systems, which seems that more detailed planning and reforms will improve the process of virtual education

EVALUATION OF HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF IRAN

ABSTRACT Due to the information systems objectives, and to avoid duplication and to help improve care quality and reduce cost, it is necessary to conduct continuous evaluation to determine how to achieve these goals. This study was performed using evaluation indices of hospital Information systems (HIS

Utilization of Telemental Health Services from the Viewpoints of Psychology Students of Zahedan Universities

Introduction: Nowadays, telemental health service is one of the most popular and the most successful telemedicine applications. Because of its simplicity and widespread usage of this technology, telemedicine have the largest share of data and can improve coordination between physical and behavioral health services. The purpose of using telemental health services is to provide affordable health services to patient and to improve impacts of unfair distribution of mental health care professionals. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. Data collection was performed using a researcher- made questionnaire that its validity and its reliability was confirmed by experts’ opinion and test- retest respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.v17 software and descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that the students' awareness of concepts and applications of telemedicine in the health sector was moderate. In the sector of telemental health care effect, the most and least mean related to decrease in patients’ waiting time (3.5) and be a proper substitute for mental health care instead of physical examination (2.6), respectively .The most mean (2.8) of awareness about telemental health technology related to students of Azad Islamic university and the least one (2.3) belong to students of medical university. All of the participants had a positive attitude toward using remote mental health services as an effective and efficient treatment and also they believed that, remote mental health services act as a reliable and proper substitute for providing mental health care in difficult situations. Conclusion: Despite the positive attitude toward using this technology, still questions about the effectiveness and efficiency of the procedure is controversial issue and to answer the question, "Can does this technology be replaced permanently with the face to face treatment?" More researches are needed

Common elements and features of a mobile-based self-management system for people living with HIV

Background: In recent years, mobile-based applications have become important technologies to the delivery of healthcare around the world. Mobile-based self-management systems with standard features for providing, evaluating, and improving HIV care are significantly required in developing countries. Objective: To determine the common elements of a mobile-based self-management system for people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in two main phases in 2017. In the first phase, a review was conducted in relevant databases such as; PubMed, Scopus, Up To Date, and Web of Science. The keywords used to search for resources were as follows; Self-care, Self-management, Data elements, Minimum data set, Mobile application, Mobile health, and HIV/AIDS. In the second phase, the infectious diseases specialists and health information managers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences were consulted to score identified elements by a questionnaire. Frequency and mean of collected data were calculated using SPSS software (version 19). Results: By full-text reviewing of 9 related articles, the identified elements were justified in 3 main categories and 37 subcategories including: clinical data elements (17), technical capabilities (12) and demographic data elements (8). According to the findings, among the clinical category, 11 data elements were selected by the statistical population. Among the identified technical capabilities, 11 features were selected. Moreover, 6 data elements were selected as the demographic category. Conclusion: We obtained data elements and technical capabilities of a mobile-based self-management system for people living with HIV. Using these elements and features, designing of self-management system architecture will be possible. Self-management skills of PLWH and their communication with healthcare providers will improve by using this syste

An intelligent recommender system for people who are prone to fatty liver disease

Introduction: Considering the growth of the outbreak of fatty liver disease, it seems necessary and needed to design and develop an intelligent recommender system in order to provide clinical recommendations and a healthy lifestyle and also to provide a suitable educational and counseling platform. In this regard, the present research was conducted in order to design, develop and evaluate an intelligent recommender system for people who are prone to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and methods: The current research was of the applied-developmental type which was carried out in order to create a non-alcoholic fatty liver intelligent recommender system. In the stage of the knowledge base designing, the selected data elements were placed in the form of tables in the SQL software. In the stage of the system designing, first the physical and functional features of the system were drawn by UML diagram, then coding was done using C# programming language. At the final stage, the usability evaluation of the designed system was assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Results: The data requirements and technical capabilities were identified in three areas: demographic, clinical and technical requirements. In order to create a recommender system, the Microsoft SQL Server database and C# programming languages were used in the asp.net environment in a reactive manner. The fatty liver intelligent recommender system designed in this study had an average score of 74.625 in the evaluation of SUS applicability. Therefore, the usability of the fatty liver intelligent recommender system was approved by experts. Conclusion: In this study, through the designed system, the researchers provided a platform to remotely communicate between the patient and the specialist and receive unlimited self-care recommendations. Investigating the effectiveness of using the current recommender system to advance treatment goals and follow up on the patient's condition is suggested for future studies