SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW 1, 3-DI METHYL SUBSTITUTED GUANIDINE WITH POSSIBLE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

The compounds containing thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, pyridine & benzothiazole rings have been found to exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities.Derivatives of 1, 2, 4-thiadiazole and 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolidines exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity1. Thiazolyl guanidines2 and various substituted aryl guanidine’s have been found to exhibit antibacterial & antifungal activities3.Keeping all these views in mind attempts were made to synthesized some new 1,3-di methyl Substituted Guanidine.In the present work 2,4 Dimethyl -3,5-(di Aryl imino)-1,2,4-thiadiazolidines were prepared by nitrous acid oxidation of N-methyl –N Aryl thiourea4 & 2,4 dimethyl-3,5-(diaryl imino)-1,2,4-thiazolidines were converted to corresponding 1,3 di methyl substituted guanidine’s by their acid catalyzed re-arrangment5.(Scheme-1)Antibacterial & Antifungal activity of the title compounds were evaluated against two bacteria, E.coli & lactobacillus & two fungi, A.Brassicicola & Aspergillus Niger. N=methyl-N`-Aryl thiourea (1-10) were prepared by refluxing a mixture of different 2-Amino Heterocyclic moieties with methyl iso thiocyanate in Ethanol.A mixture of compound (1-100 and conc. HCl, ethanol was added drop wise & under stirring to a solution of NaNO2 in water afforded 2, 4-dimethyl-3,5-(di Aryl imino)-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine (11-20) afforded 1,3 di methyl substituted guanidine’s (21-30). Structures of the compounds were established by elemental analysis & spectral data

Strengthening the integration of midwifery in health systems; a leader-to-leader collaboration

Barriers and facilitators for quality midwifery care exist on different levels in the health systems. After decades of challenges and varied degrees of success, a stakeholder leader-to-leader collaboration could provide added value through knowledge sharing on how to integrate the midwifery cadre into an existing health system. Initiated by The Midwifery Society of Nepal, Dalarna University Sweden and MAMTA - Health Institute for Mother and Child India, a research network focusing midwifery has been formed. The background, purpose and activities of this network has been described in this News and Events paper

Curvature fluctuations and Lyapunov exponent at Melting

We calculate the maximal Lyapunov exponent in constant-energy molecular dynamics simulations at the melting transition for finite clusters of 6 to 13 particles (model rare-gas and metallic systems) as well as for bulk rare-gas solid. For clusters, the Lyapunov exponent generally varies linearly with the total energy, but the slope changes sharply at the melting transition. In the bulk system, melting corresponds to a jump in the Lyapunov exponent, and this corresponds to a singularity in the variance of the curvature of the potential energy surface. In these systems there are two mechanisms of chaos -- local instability and parametric instability. We calculate the contribution of the parametric instability towards the chaoticity of these systems using a recently proposed formalism. The contribution of parametric instability is a continuous function of energy in small clusters but not in the bulk where the melting corresponds to a decrease in this quantity. This implies that the melting in small clusters does not lead to enhanced local instability.Comment: Revtex with 7 PS figures. To appear in Phys Rev

A First Principles Estimate of Finite Size Effects in Quark-Gluon Plasma Formation

Using lattice simulations of quenched QCD we estimate the finite size effects present when a gluon plasma equilibrates in a slab geometry, i.e., finite width but large transverse dimensions. Significant differences are observed in the free energy density for the slab when compared with bulk behavior. A small shift in the critical temperature is also seen. The free energy required to liberate heavy quarks relative to bulk is measured using Polyakov loops; the additional free energy required is on the order of 30-40 MeV at 2-3 T_c.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX; revised version includes comparison with the Bjorken model and various small improvement

Interior Weyl-type Solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell Field Equations

Static solutions of the electro-gravitational field equations exhibiting a functional relationship between the electric and gravitational potentials are studied. General results for these metrics are presented which extend previous work of Majumdar. In particular, it is shown that for any solution of the field equations exhibiting such a Weyl-type relationship, there exists a relationship between the matter density, the electric field density and the charge density. It is also found that the Majumdar condition can hold for a bounded perfect fluid only if the matter pressure vanishes (that is, charged dust). By restricting to spherically symmetric distributions of charged matter, a number of exact solutions are presented in closed form which generalise the Schwarzschild interior solution. Some of these solutions exhibit functional relations between the electric and gravitational potentials different to the quadratic one of Weyl. All the non-dust solutions are well-behaved and, by matching them to the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m solution, all of the constants of integration are identified in terms of the total mass, total charge and radius of the source. This is done in detail for a number of specific examples. These are also shown to satisfy the weak and strong energy conditions and many other regularity and energy conditions that may be required of any physically reasonable matter distribution.Comment: 21 pages, RevTex, to appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio

The Tolman VII solution, trapped null orbits and w - modes

The Tolman VII solution is an exact static spherically symmetric perfect fluid solution of Einstein's equations that exhibits a surprisingly good approximation to a neutron star. We show that this solution exhibits trapped null orbits in a causal region even for a tenuity (total radius to mass ratio) $> 3$. In this region the dynamical part of the potential for axial w - modes dominates over the centrifugal part.Comment: 5 pages revtex. 10 figures png. Further information at http://grtensor.phy.queensu.ca/tolmanvii

Mental Health Carve-Outs: Effects and Implications

To control the rise in expenditures and to increase access to mental health and substance abuse (MH/SA) services, a growing number of employers and states are implementing a “carve-out.” Under this arrangement, the sponsor separates insurance benefits by disease or condition, service category, or population and contracts separately for the management of care and/or associated risks. A carve-out allows a unique set of managed care techniques to be applied to a subset of particularly costly or complex benefits. This article describes various carve-out models, discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages of a full carve-out, and summarizes recent public and private sector research regarding the strategy’s effects on access and use, cost savings and shifting, and quality of care. It concludes by discussing approaches to the assessment and monitoring of the processes and outcomes associated with a MH/SA carve-out.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68797/2/10.1177_107755879905600203.pd

Hamiltonian dynamics of the two-dimensional lattice phi^4 model

The Hamiltonian dynamics of the classical $\phi^4$ model on a two-dimensional square lattice is investigated by means of numerical simulations. The macroscopic observables are computed as time averages. The results clearly reveal the presence of the continuous phase transition at a finite energy density and are consistent both qualitatively and quantitatively with the predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The Hamiltonian microscopic dynamics also exhibits critical slowing down close to the transition. Moreover, the relationship between chaos and the phase transition is considered, and interpreted in the light of a geometrization of dynamics.Comment: REVTeX, 24 pages with 20 PostScript figure

Comparative study of TERT promoter mutation status within spatially, temporally and morphologically distinct components of urothelial carcinoma

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141213/1/his13318.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141213/2/his13318_am.pd

Radiative Corrections to the Casimir Energy

The lowest radiative correction to the Casimir energy density between two parallel plates is calculated using effective field theory. Since the correlators of the electromagnetic field diverge near the plates, the regularized energy density is also divergent. However, the regularized integral of the energy density is finite and varies with the plate separation L as 1/L^7. This apparently paradoxical situation is analyzed in an equivalent, but more transparent theory of a massless scalar field in 1+1 dimensions confined to a line element of length L and satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions.Comment: 7 pages, Late