Therapeutic and protective effects of montelukast against doxorubicin-induced acute kidney damage in rats

Objective(s): The current study was designed to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of montelukast (ML) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced acute kidney damage in rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty-five Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: Group I: Control; Group II: Control+ML; Group III: DOX; Group IV: DOX+ML; Group V: ML+DOX. At the end of the experiment, the kidney tissues of rats were collected. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels were determined from the kidney tissues. In addition, the kidney tissues were examined histologically.Results: DOX induced a significant increase in the kidney TBARS levels, whereas SOD contents significantly decreased when compared with the control group.  On the other hand, ML administration before and after DOX injection caused significant decreases in TBARS production and also increases in SOD levels. Histologically, the most remarkable damage was glomerulosclerosis and tubular changes in the DOX group. Moreover, marked tubular necrosis and swelling in tubular epithelial cells were observed in this group. Contrarily, although glomerulosclerosis was recognized as alleviated also in both DOX+ML and ML+DOX groups, the lesions did not completely ameliorate. However, treatment with ML after DOX injection was more effective than treatment with ML before DOX injection with respect to the protection of tubular structures. Conclusion: It was determined that ML treatment after DOX injection caused therapeutic effects against DOX-induced kidney damage. Thence, ML treatment is of some clinical properties for oxidative stress damage in kidney tissues

Isotropic gap formation, localization, and waveguiding in mesoscale Yukawa-potential amorphous structures

Amorphous photonic structures are mesoscopic optical structures described by electrical permittivity distributions with underlying spatial randomness. They offer a unique platform for studying a broad set of electromagnetic phenomena, including transverse Anderson localization, enhanced wave transport, and suppressed diffusion in random media. Despite this, at a more practical level, there is insufficient work on both understanding the nature of optical transport and the conditions conducive to vector-wave localization in these planar structures, as well as their potential applications to photonic nanodevices. In this study, we fill this gap by investigating experimentally and theoretically the characteristics of optical transport in a class of amorphous photonic structures and by demonstrating their use to some basic waveguiding nanostructures. We demonstrate that these 2-D structures have unique isotropic and asymmetric band gaps for in-plane propagation, controlled from first principles by varying the scattering strength and whose properties are elucidated by establishing an analogy between photon and carrier transport in amorphous semiconductors. We further observe Urbach band tails in these random structures and uncover their relation to frequency- and disorder-dependent Anderson-like localized modes through the modified Ioffe-Regel criterion and their mean free path - localization length character. Finally, we illustrate that our amorphous structures can serve as a versatile platform in which photonic devices such as disorder-localized waveguides can be readily implemented

Isotropic gap formation, localization, and waveguiding in mesoscale Yukawa-potential amorphous structures

Amorphous photonic structures are mesoscopic optical structures described by electrical permittivity distributions with underlying spatial randomness. They offer a unique platform for studying a broad set of electromagnetic phenomena, including transverse Anderson localization, enhanced wave transport, and suppressed diffusion in random media. Despite this, at a more practical level, there is insufficient work on both understanding the nature of optical transport and the conditions conducive to vector-wave localization in these planar structures, as well as their potential applications to photonic nanodevices. In this study, we fill this gap by investigating experimentally and theoretically the characteristics of optical transport in a class of amorphous photonic structures and by demonstrating their use to some basic waveguiding nanostructures. We demonstrate that these 2-D structures have unique isotropic and asymmetric band gaps for in-plane propagation, controlled from first principles by varying the scattering strength and whose properties are elucidated by establishing an analogy between photon and carrier transport in amorphous semiconductors. We further observe Urbach band tails in these random structures and uncover their relation to frequency- and disorder-dependent Anderson-like localized modes through the modified Ioffe-Regel criterion and their mean free path - localization length character. Finally, we illustrate that our amorphous structures can serve as a versatile platform in which photonic devices such as disorder-localized waveguides can be readily implemented.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Differences in some hematological parameters in adult male and female COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Depending on the severity of the disease, fever, cough, shortness of breath, more severe pneumonia and death may occur. The aim of this study is to compare some blood parameters between adult male and female patients with COVID-19 to understand the effect of gender on disease pathogenesis. For this purpose, the levels of blood serum the D-dimer, white blood cells, monocyte, lymphocyte, platelet, glucose, hemoglobin and Prothrombin Time/INR were measured in a total of 3101 COVID-19 patients whose 1649 were males and 1452 were females. Statistically significant differences were observed in platelet, white blood cells, Prothrombin Time/INR, hemoglobin and monocyte levels while no differences were detected in lymphocyte, D-dimer, and blood glucose levels between male and female patients. The results indicate that platelet, white blood cells, Prothrombin Time/INR, hemoglobin and monocyte levels were significantly higher in males as compared to female patients with COVID-19. [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1124-7

The role of advanced machine learning approach in predicting multiple sclerosis development and progression

This study aims to utilize a fine-tuned gradient boosting trees algorithm to predict the onset and progression of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on a comprehensive set of demographic and clinical variables. The goal was to enhance early diagnosis and enable individualized treatment approaches using artificial intelligence. The research utilized Dataset, a publicly accessible dataset derived from a prospective cohort study of individuals of Mexican mestizo descent diagnosed with Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS). The study spanned from 2006 to 2010, systematically collecting and analyzing data on various individual traits to explore correlations with MS development. The gradient boosting trees algorithm was employed to construct predictive models, harnessing patient-specific variables, including demographic factors and clinical data. The classifier exhibited outstanding performance, with a mean accuracy of 99.63% and minimal standard deviation. The confusion matrix indicated one false positive and no false negatives. Key metrics such as precision, recall, and AUC all approached 1, demonstrating the classifier's ability to distinguish between the two classes with high confidence. Comparative analysis with similar studies in the literature revealed superior performance, highlighting the classifier's accuracy and effectiveness in predicting MS. The application of the gradient boosting trees algorithm to predict MS based on demographic and clinical variables offers a promising avenue for early diagnosis and tailored treatment. This research demonstrates the potential of AI to transform healthcare, particularly in the context of MS. The predictive models developed have the capacity to enhance early detection, improve patient quality of life, and pave the way for further AI-based solutions in healthcare. [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1315-9

Industrial and International Collaboration Analysis in Engineering & Technology Management Programs Using Logistic Regression

Abstract: This project is based on a worldwide survey on education and research conducted by the PSU and ETM Department. This survey was a follow-up to previous studies in 1977, 1981 and 1984, 1990 and 1994. The goal of the survey was to develop a research guide for engineering management, technology management and related programs by analyzing growth patterns in ETM education and determinating the characteristics and strategic directions of the educational and research components of the field. We focused on analyzing ETM programs in terms of their industrial and international collaboration

A case of myocardial infarction together with acute appendicitis in Emergency Clinic of Turgut Ozal Medical Center

In this study, a case of myocardial infarction (MI) developed in a 55-year old patient who applied to emergency clinic with acute appendicitis was presented. The patient who already had diabetes and hypertension applied to emergency clinic of our hospital due to abdominal pain, and he was diagnosed as having acute appendicitis associated with MI in routine evaluation and analyses. Treatment preference was used for MI for the patient, and the coronary occlusion was opened with using percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography. In the follow up of the patient, the clinical symptoms of the acute appendicitis disappeared, and the patient was discharged with cure without requiring any surgical intervention for the appendicitis. High mortality clinical situations, such as MI, which is stimulated due to various stress factors should be considered in the patients who applied to emergency clinic. [Med-Science 2017; 6(4.000): 777-779

Investigation of the protective and treatment effects of vinpocetine in myocardial infarctional with isoprotenol in rats

As aim of this study, the knowledge of whether vinpocetine (VINPO) is cardioprotective or not following isoprotenol (ISO) induced cardiac ischemia in rats. In myocard infarction, the one of the responsible mechanisms of injury is oxidative damage and inflammmation. The effect of Vinpo which is the potent antioxidant and anti inflammatory agent aimed to reveal as the biochemical, electrophysiological, and histopathologic parameters. In this study, thirty- two Wistar-Albino male rats (in the estimated weight of 250-400gm.) were divided into four groups, each consisting of eight rats. The group 1 named as sham, no any drug used in this group. Group 2 named as iso group, only isoprotenol was adminestered, the group 3 named as vinpo and iso group, here initially vinpocetine then isopretenol were used, and the group 4 named as iso and vinpo, here initially isoprotenol then vinpocetine were used. For the rats in group 2, in first and second day isoprotenol adminestered at a dose of 120mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection. At third and fourth day no any drug used. And at fifth day the experiment terminated. For the rats in group 3, at the first and second day Vinponcetine adminestered at adose of 20 mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection, after 30 minute isoprotenol administered at adose of 120mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection. At third and fourth day no any drug was used. And at fifth day experiment was terminated. Lastly for the rats in group4, first and second day isoprotenol administered at adose of 120mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection, at third and fourth day vinpocetine adminestered at adose of 20 mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection, and at fifth day experiment terminated. Prior to termination of experiment the pulse rate and ECG changes were recorded. After completion of experiment protocols blood samples and cardiac tissue samples were recieved. For the knowledge of effects of vinpocetine experimental miyocardial ischemia induced in rats, and the serum myoglobulin, total creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), measured. In myocardial tissue as an antioxidative system and an oxidative stres markers; malonylaldehate (MDA), Superoxidedismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathionperoxidase (GPx), GSH, Total oxidant status (TOS),Total antioxidant status(TAS),Oxidative stres index (OSI) studied. As a result, Vinpocetin showed positive impact on cardiac functions. With all of these for the best clear results, advanced studies are needed. [Med-Science 2017; 6(4.000): 629-634