Caractéristiques comptables et financières des entreprises qui réduisent leur effectif salarié

L’objectif de notre recherche est d’étudier le lien entre la suppression d’emplois et la performance économique et financière de l’entreprise. Sur un échantillon de 141 entreprises françaises cotées ayant annoncé des suppressions d’emplois sur les années 1997, 1998 et 1999, nous montrons que les réductions d’effectif interviennent dans les entreprises dont les performances passées sont relativement faibles et qui affichent un fort taux d’endettement et un faible taux de marge. Par ailleurs, la performance réalisée par ces entreprises sur les trois années suivant la décision d’ajustement des effectifs varie en fonction de l’objectif affiché à l’annonce de ces suppressions et du niveau de partage de la valeur ajoutée entre les salariés et les actionnaires.The objective of our research is to study the link between downsizing and the economic and financial performance of the company. A study of 141 French quoted companies, who announced redundancies over the years 1997, 1998 and 1999, shows that staff reductions take place in companies whose past performance is relatively poor and who show a high rate of debt and a low profit margin. In addition, the performance of these companies over the three years following the decision of staff reduction varies according to the initial objective for downsizing and how added value is split between employees and shareholders

Investigation of the Frequency of Foodborne Botulism in Patients Referred to Loghman Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, From 2008 to 2019

Background: Foodborne botulism is a fatal paralytic illness caused mainly by the neurotoxin produced by an anaerobic bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. In this study, the frequency of foodborne botulism in patients referred to a hospital in Iran has been reviewed for ten years.Methods: In this routine database study, medical records of patients with foodborne botulism referred to Loghman Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, from March 20, 2008, to March 20, 2019, were reviewed. Information on variables of age, sex, place of residence, food consumed, clinical symptoms of patients (such as dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, etc.), toxin type, and length of hospitalization were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS-24 with descriptive and analytical statistical tests.Results: In this study, 61 suspected botulism patients were clinically diagnosed in Loghman Hospital, of whom 55 patients were clinically suspected of foodborne botulism, 5 patients had iatrogenic botulism, and 1 patient had infant botulism. Of these 55 patients with the clinical diagnosis of foodborne botulism, 19 patients were confirmed by laboratory examinations, and 2 patients died. Sixteen patients confirmed by laboratory had neurotoxin botulinum type A. The mean age of the patients was 36.9 years with a standard deviation of 18.6 years. About 54.5% of the patients were male and 45.5% female. Weaknesses (58.2%), ptosis (droopy eyelid) (56.4%), and diplopia (double vision) (52.7%) were the common clinical symptoms of the patients under study. Canned foods and dairy products were the main foods consumed by the patients. The duration of admission time ranged between 1 and 41 days, with an average of 7.7 days. About 23.64% of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit.Conclusion: The prevalence of foodborne botulism is rare compared with other food poisonings but is still a major public health problem due to the consumption of traditional food products and unboiled canned foods in Iran

The Src inhibitor dasatinib accelerates the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts

The proto-oncogene Src is an important non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase involved in signaling pathways that control cell adhesion, growth, migration and differentiation. It negatively regulates osteoblast activity, and, as such, its inhibition is a potential means to prevent bone loss. Dasatinib is a new dual Src/Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor initially developed for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. It has also shown promising results in preclinical studies in various solid tumors. However, its effects on the differentiation of human osteoblasts have never been examined.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Propriétés immunomodulatrices des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses: mécanismes impliqués et comparaison des sources

Les cellules stromales mésenchymateuses (CSM) sont des cellules dotées de nombreuses propriétés dont les plus importantes sont leur rôle de soutien de l’hématopoïèse, leur potentiel de différenciation multilignée et leurs pouvoirs immunomodulateurs. Grâce à ces propriétés et à leur facilité d’obtention et d’amplification ex vivo, les CSM sont des candidats prometteurs pour diverses applications thérapeutiques. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons caractérisé ces pouvoirs immunomodulateurs et étudié les mécanismes sous-jacents.Nous avons dans un premier temps, évalué la capacité des CSM de la MO à moduler la prolifération des lymphocytes T purifiés à partir de sang périphérique (SP) ou de sang de cordon ombilical (SCO). Quel que soit le stimulus utilisé pour les activer, les lymphocytes T du SP ou du SCO sont modulés par les CSM d’une manière dose dépendante. Le profil d’inhibition des lymphocytes T du SP ou du SCO par les CSM est différent et vraisemblablement lié à leur composition cellulaire (rapport T naïfs vs mémoires).Dans le but de comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans l’immunomodulation et l’influence de l’environnement sur les CSM, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’expression des molécules d’adhésion et de la galectine 1 ainsi qu’à leurs rôles dans l’immunomodulation. Lors des co-cultures avec les lymphocytes T, il y a augmentation de l’expression du CD54, du CD58 et de la sécrétion de la galectine 1 alors qu’en présence d’un environnement inflammatoire ou infectieux, celles-ci sont différemment modulées. Nous avons ensuite pu démontrer que l’inhibition de la réponse lymphocytaire par les CSM impliquait notamment la galectine 1 comme facteur immunorégulateur.Le troisième volet de cette thèse, s’est intéressé à l’étude et à la comparaison du pouvoir immunomodulateur des CSM issues du tissu adipeux et la gelée de Wharton, considérés comme des sources potentiellement alternatives à la MO. L’immunomodulation exercée sur les réponses immunes est indépendante de l’origine des CSM. Les CSM du tissu adipeux et de la gelée de Wharton inhibent l’activation des lymphocytes mise en évidence par l’expression du CD38. La réponse allogénique ou mitogénique des lymphocytes est réduite en présence de CSM et les sous populations (CD4+ et CD8+) sont affectées de la même manière par ces effets suppresseurs. Ces effets sont dépendants des concentrations en CSM et sont vraisemblablement liés à l’expression de la PGE2 et du LIF. Durant les co-cultures, les Tregs sont expansés et cela indépendamment des concentrations en CSM. En résumé, nous avons caractérisé le pouvoir immunomodulateur des CSM issues de trois sources différentes à savoir la moelle osseuse, la gelée de Wharton et le tissu adipeux. Comme le mettent en évidence nos observations, ce pouvoir est clairement dépendant de la concentration en CSM utilisée et est fortement sensible à l’environnement auquel les CSM sont exposées. Sur le plan mécanistique, nous avons démontré la participation de la galectine 1, de la PGE2 et du LIF aux fonctions immunosuppressives des CSM. Nous rapportons également la capacité des CSM à promouvoir l’expansion des Tregs aussi bien au sein d’une population lymphocytaire que fraîchement purifiés. Nos travaux soulignent l’importance et l’avantage de l’utilisation des CSM issues de ces nouvelles sources dans le cadre des thérapies immunes.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiquesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

In Vitro Cellular and Molecular Interplay between Human Foreskin-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and the Th17 Cell Pathway

Foreskin, considered a biological waste material, has been shown to be a reservoir of therapeutic cells. The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from the foreskin (FSK-MSCs) are being evaluated in cell-based therapy for degenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Within the injured/inflamed tissue, proinflammatory lymphocytes such as IL-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) may interact with the stromal microenvironment, including MSCs. In this context, MSCs may encounter different levels of T cells as well as specific inflammatory signals. Uncovering the cellular and molecular changes during this interplay is central for developing an efficient and safe immunotherapeutic tool. To this end, an in vitro human model of cocultures of FSK-MSCs and T cells was established. These cocultures were performed at different cell ratios in the presence of an inflammatory setting. After confirming that FSK-MSCs respond to ISCT criteria by showing a typical phenotype and multilineage potential, we evaluated by flow cytometry the expression of Th17 cell markers IL-17A, IL23 receptor and RORγt within the lymphocyte population. We also measured 15 human Th17 pathway-related cytokines. Regardless of the T cell/MSC ratio, we observed a significant increase in IL-17A expression associated with an increase in IL-23 receptor expression. Furthermore, we observed substantial modulation of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, INF-γ, sCD40, and TNF-α secretion. These findings suggest that FSK-MSCs are receptive to their environment and modulate the T cell response accordingly. The changes within the secretome of the stromal and immune environment are likely relevant for the therapeutic effect of MSCs. FSK-MSCs represent a valuable cellular product for immunotherapeutic purposes that needs to be further clarified and developed

Of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Osteoarthritis: Time to Merge the Latest Breakthroughs.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease of the articular cartilage with subchondral bone remodeling and synovial inflammation. There is currently no cure for OA, making effective management extremely challenging. During the last years, significant advances has been made to develop regenerative medicine based on the use of stem cells as alternative for treating OA. Because of their several advantages including availability, expandability, transplantability, and ethical implications. mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) appear thus to be a promising tool for the field. Based on the recent paper of Klemen Čamernik et al. in Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, we highlighted some challenges and possible strategies to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs for OA.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Foreskin as a source of immunotherapeutic mesenchymal stromal cells.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have well-characterized properties and thus represent an attractive cell population for use in several therapeutic applications. Due to the limitations and inconveniences associated with classical sources of MSCs, the identification and characterization of alternative sources are required for safe and efficient cell therapy. The skin tissue is currently referred to as a reservoir of cells with therapeutically relevant functions. Historically considered biological waste, foreskin (FSK) is increasingly used to provide immunotherapeutic MSCs for medicinal products. This review discusses for the first time the nature and profile of MSCs within the foreskin tissue and, in particular, their immunobiology. A better immunological characterization and understanding of foreskin-derived cells will be critical for improving MSC-based cellular strategies for immunotherapeutic applications.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The Medicinal Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Immuno- and Cancer Therapy

Cancer is a highly lethal disease that causes millions of deaths worldwide, thus representing a major public health challenge [.]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Triple negative breast cancer: microRNA expression profile and novel discriminators according to BRCA1 status

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15% of breast carcinomas. More than 80% of women with a breast cancer associated with a breast cancer type 1 (BRCA1) mutation develop a TNBC. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in diverse biological processes and are aberrantly expressed in several human neoplasms including breast cancer, where they function as actors of tumor onset, behavior, and progression. However, an extensive microRNA profile has not yet been determined for TNBC. Taqman low-density arrays (TLDAs) were used to screen the expression level of 667 miRNAs in TNBC versus normal breast tissues. Our TLDA results revealed 20 differentially expressed miRNAs among which 14 (10 upregulated and four downregulated) were confirmed by an individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, a novel link between BRCA1 status and miRNA expression level was identified through miR-96 and miR-10b that were very important discriminators between TNBC with mutated BRCA1 and TNBC with wild type BRCA1. This study promises discoveries of new pathological pathways at work in this dreadful disease and clearly warrants validation in large prospective studies with the aim of identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosis and targets for clinical interventions.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Triple negative breast cancer: microRNA expression profile and novel discriminators according to BRCA1 status

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15% of breast carcinomas. More than 80% of women with a breast cancer associated with a breast cancer type 1 (BRCA1) mutation develop a TNBC. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in diverse biological processes and are aberrantly expressed in several human neoplasms including breast cancer, where they function as actors of tumor onset, behavior, and progression. However, an extensive microRNA profile has not yet been determined for TNBC. Taqman low-density arrays (TLDAs) were used to screen the expression level of 667 miRNAs in TNBC versus normal breast tissues. Our TLDA results revealed 20 differentially expressed miRNAs among which 14 (10 upregulated and four downregulated) were confirmed by an individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, a novel link between BRCA1 status and miRNA expression level was identified through miR-96 and miR-10b that were very important discriminators between TNBC with mutated BRCA1 and TNBC with wild type BRCA1. This study promises discoveries of new pathological pathways at work in this dreadful disease and clearly warrants validation in large prospective studies with the aim of identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosis and targets for clinical interventions.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe