Types of Motivation in Iranian EFL learners toward English Language Learning

This study aimed at investigating the types of motivation (integrative, instrumental, intrinsic and extrinsic) that Iranian students, studying English, have toward the learning of the English language. A modified27-item motivational survey adapted from Gardner’s (1985) Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) questionnaire was administered to 47 (male and female) who were studying English as their second language. The data was then recorded in SPSS computer software and later was calculated with the help of the descriptive data. The findings revealed that the students had high levels of integrative and instrumental motivation to learn English. Their integrative motivation was found slightly higher than their instrumental motivation. Contrary to intrinsic motivation, the learners demonstrated a relatively high extrinsic motivation. Following these findings, some pedagogical implications are discussed with their recommendations

Robust and General Model to Forecast the Heat Transfer Coefficient for Flow Condensation in Multi Port Mini/Micro-Channels

A general correlation for predicting the two-phase heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during condensation inside multi-port mini/micro-channels was presented. The model was obtained by correlating the two-phase multiplier, φtp with affecting parameters using the genetic programming (GP) method. An extensive database containing 3503 experimental data samples was gathered from 21 different sources, including a broad range of operating parameters. The newly obtained correlation fits the broad range of measured data analyzed with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 16.87% and estimates 84.73% of analyzed data points with a relative error of less than 30%. Evaluation of previous correlations was also conducted using the same database. They showed the AARD values ranging from 36.94% to 191.19%. However, the GP model provides more accurate results, AARD lower than 17%, by considering the surface tension effects. Finally, the effect of various operating parameters on the HTC was studied using the proposed correlation

Robust and General Model to Forecast the Heat Transfer Coefficient for Flow Condensation in Multi Port Mini/Micro‐Channels

A general correlation for predicting the two‐phase heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during condensation inside multi‐port mini/micro‐channels was presented. The model was obtained by correlating the two‐phase multiplier, φtp with affecting parameters using the genetic programming (GP) method. An extensive database containing 3503 experimental data samples was gathered from 21 different sources, including a broad range of operating parameters. The newly obtained correlation fits the broad range of measured data analyzed with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 16.87% and estimates 84.73% of analyzed data points with a relative error of less than 30%. Evaluation of previous correlations was also conducted using the same database. They showed the AARD values ranging from 36.94% to 191.19%. However, the GP model provides more accurate results, AARD lower than 17%, by considering the surface tension effects. Finally, the effect of various operating parameters on the HTC was studied using the proposed correlation