Formulation and evaluation of topical halofuginone gel using a novel ex vivo model

Purpose: To formulate and study the kinetics of delivery and retention of three  halofuginone (HF) gels via different wall layers of an ex vivo model mimicking  urethral tissue.Methods: Three HF hydrogels (a, b and c) of the same concentration (0.03 % w/v) incorporating different levels of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), were prepared. The viscosity of the different gels was studied at 37 °C and at room temperature. The release of HF from these hydrogels and its diffusion into urethral tissue were evaluated using a new ex vivo model mimicking human urethral tissue. The amount of HF was determined by HPLC method.Results: The release of HF increased with increasing viscosity and duration of contact. Gel c showed the best drug release after 2 h of diffusion, with 65.7 % HF in the wall of the ureter. The model showed a uniform distribution of the drug throughout the ureter tissue. In comparison, HF was not detected in the receiver compartment until 2 h.Conclusion: Topical HF gel application is a suitable solution for the potential treatment of urethral stricture and/or recurrence. The formulation and  characterization of the ureter model should facilitate the development of new therapeutics for urethral diseases.Keywords: Halofuginone gel, Urethra, Wall diffusion, Urethral stenosi

Gastric metaplasia of posterior urethral polyp: a case report

Congenital polyps of the posterior urethra are rare lesions, and have often been described in boys. The polyps are benign lesion usually lined by a transitional epithelium, but cases of squamous or intestinal metaplasia have been reported

An acute urinary retention in an old man caused by a giant müllerian duct cyst: a case report

Müllerian duct cysts result from an abnormality in regression of the Müllerian system. They may occasionally give rise to symptoms. We report an unusual case of acute urinary retention in an old man caused by a giant Müllerian duct cyst

Bilateral renal infarction following atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism and presenting as acute abdominal pain: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Renal infarct is rare and often misdiagnosed because the symptoms are misleading. The mechanisms are various, mainly thrombotic and embolic.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In this review, we report the case of a 61-year-old Tunisian woman presented to the emergency unit with a 4-hour history of abdominal pain diffused at both flanks, ultrasounds was performed to remove a surgical emergency, showed a peri-renal fluid collection with heterogeneous parenchyma.</p> <p>We followed by a CT scan, which confirmed the diagnosis of renal infarct. The patient was treated by heparin at a curative dose, and the outcome was favorable.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Diagnosis is difficult and should be considered in patients with inexplicable flank or abdominal pain and with risk factors to this disease. Our purpose is to raise clinician’s awareness for this condition so that they will be more likely to diagnose it. This will facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment.</p> <p>A review of the literature was performed and the case is discussed in the context of the current knowledge of this condition.</p