Online channel allocation for full-duplex device-to-device communications

Abstract Full-duplex device-to-device (D2D) communications over cellular networks is a promising solution for maximizing wireless spectral efficiency. However, in practice, due to the unpredictable arrival of D2D users, the base station (BS) must smartly allocate suitable channels to arriving D2D pairs. In this paper, the problem of dynamic channel allocation is studied for full-duplex D2D networks. In particular, the goal of the proposed approach is to maximize the system sum-rate under complete uncertainty on the arrival process of D2D users. To solve this problem, a novel approach based on an online weighted bipartite matching is proposed. To find the desired solution of the channel allocation problem, a greedy online algorithm is developed to enable the BS to decide on the channel assignment for each D2D pair, without knowing any prior information on future D2D arrivals. For an illustrative case study, upper and lower bounds on the competitive ratio that compares the performance of the proposed online algorithm to that of an offline algorithm are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed online algorithm can achieve a near- optimal sum-rate with an optimality gap that is no higher than 8.3% compared to the offline, optimal solution that has complete knowledge of the system

Online ski rental for ON/OFF scheduling of energy harvesting base stations

Abstract The co-existence of small cell base stations (SBSs) with conventional macrocell base station is a promising approach to boost the capacity and coverage of cellular networks. However, densifying the network with a viral deployment of SBSs can significantly increase energy consumption. To reduce the reliance on unsustainable energy sources, one can adopt self-powered SBSs that rely solely on energy harvesting. Due to the uncertainty of energy arrival and the finite capacity of energy storage systems, self-powered SBSs must smartly optimize their ON and OFF schedule. In this paper, the problem of ON/OFF scheduling of self-powered SBSs is studied, in the presence of energy harvesting uncertainty with the goal of minimizing the operational costs consisting of energy consumption and transmission delay of a network. For the original problem, we show that an algorithm can solve the problem in the illustrative case. Then, to reduce the complexity of the original problem, an approximation is proposed. To solve the approximated problem, a novel approach based on the ski rental framework, a powerful online optimization tool, is proposed. Using this approach, each SBS can effectively decide on its ON/OFF schedule autonomously, without any prior information on future energy arrivals. By using competitive analysis, a deterministic online algorithm and a randomized online algorithm (ROA) are developed. The ROA is then shown to achieve the optimal competitive ratio in the approximation problem. Simulation results show that, compared with a baseline approach, the ROA can yield performance gains reaching up to 15.6% in terms of reduced total energy consumption of SBSs and up to 20.6% in terms of per-SBS network delay reduction. The results also shed light on the fundamental aspects that impact the ON time of SBSs while demonstrating that the proposed ROA can reduce up to 69.9% the total cost compared with a baseline approach

Deep learning algorithms were used to generate photovoltaic renewable energy in saline water analysis via an oxidation process

The amount of particles and organic matter in wash-waters and effluent from the processing of fruits and vegetables determines whether they need to be treated to fulfil regulatory standards for their intended use. This research proposes a novel technique in photovoltaic cell-based renewable energy in saline water analysis using the oxidation process and deep learning techniques. Here, the saline water oxidation is carried out based on photovoltaic cell-based renewable and saline water analysis is done using Markov fuzzy-based Q-radial function neural networks (MFQRFNN). The plan is entirely web-oriented to enable better control and effective monitoring of water consumption. This monitoring makes use of a communication system that collects data in the form of irregularly spaced time series. Experimental analysis has been carried out based on water salinity data in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, computational cost, and kappa coefficient. HIGHLIGHTS This research proposes a novel technique in photovoltaic cell-based renewable energy in saline water analysis using the oxidation process and deep learning techniques.; Forecasting energy demand is an essential component of PV that aids in the planning of power generation as well as energy trading with a commercial grid.; Deep learning-based models hold great promise for forecasting consumer demands and RES energy generation.