Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b down-regulates the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling transducers in human glioblastoma

Background: It has been revealed that Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) may feature anti-cancer and anti-metastatic advantages due to its ability to modify cell immunity processes and signaling pathways. Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers; it has a high mortality nature, which makes it an attractive area for the development of novel therapies. Objectives: We examined whether the SEB could exert its growth inhibitory effects on glioblastoma cells partially through the manipulation of a key tumor growth factor termed transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Materials and Methods: A human primary glioblastoma cell line, U87, was treated with different concentrations of SEB. The cell quantity was measured by the MTT assay at different exposure times. For molecular assessments, total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from either non-treated or SEB-treated cells. Subsequently, the gene expression of TGF-β transducers, smad2/3, at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level, was analyzed via a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using the SYBR Green method. Significant differences between cell viability and gene expression levels were determined (Prism 5.0 software) using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: We reported that SEB could effectively down-regulate smad2/3 expression in glioblastoma cells at concentrations as quantity as 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The SEB concentrations effective at regulating smad2/3 expression were correlated with those used to inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Our results also showed that SEB was able to decrease smad2/3 expression at the mRNA level in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Conclusions: We suggested that SEB could represent an agent that can significantly decrease smad2/3 expression in glioblastoma cells, leading to moderate TGF-β growth signaling and the reduction of tumor cell proliferation. © 2016, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

EFFECT OF IRON ON CAPSULE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

Ln this study several tests showed that high level of iron either in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, th alassaemia major or in standard iron solutions, have inhibitory effect Oil capsule production of Cryptococcus neotormans. This work is concerned with the probable role of iron in pigeon&apos;s natural resistance against cryptococcal infection: No protease activity was detected in either capsular Of acapsularyeasts whereas high activity of p-glucufonidase was demonstrated in the only experimentally produced acapsular Olle. This suggests the porticipotion of iron in demonstrating pathogenic character oforganism and related aspects