How will the Antarctic terrestrial invertebrates respond to the change in the ambient temperature?

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OB] 極域生物圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Tardigrades in the lakes in Skarvsnes, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回極域生物シンポジウム 11月27日（火） 国立極地研究所 ３階ラウン

ナンキョク ハントウ カンコウセン ニオケル ガイライシュ タイサク

2010年2月3日から2月12日にかけて,南極半島クルーズツアーに講師として参加した.日本人観光客に向けて南極の生態系に関する講義をするなか,現在南極観光船において取り組まれている外来種対策を体験する機会を得た.外来種対策は主に,装備品の管理,上陸前のオリエンテーション,上陸時および帰船時のブーツクリーニングシステム,の3つのシステムに分けられる.オリエンテーションや実践を通して観光船の乗客が経験するそれら外来種対策の様々なシステムは,日本の南極観測活動においても参考にすべき点が多く見られた.From February 3rd to 12th in 2010, the author participated in a cruise on the Antarctic Peninsula as a lecturer. While giving the lectures on Antarctic ecology, the author had an opportunity to learn the biosecurity measures being implemented on board the tourist ship in order to minimize the risk of biological invasion into Antarctica. The measures were classified into three major systems, management of clothing and equipment, orientation prior to landing, and boot-cleaning systems prior to the departure and upon returning back to the ship. The lectures and practices of these biosecurity measures were well organized and are a good reference for the Japanese Antarctic Research Program to introduce into their activities

Distribution of Copepoda along 140°E in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

NORPAC net samplings at three stations along a south-north transect on ca. 140°E were conducted in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from March 10 to 12 in 2002 during the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. The survey was held to examine the community structure and abundance of Copepoda in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean. A total of 15 species of copepod were identified at the stations. For nine species of copepod, Microcalanus pygmaeus, Calanus simillimus, Rhincalanus gigas, Euchaeta antarctica, Clausocalanus laticeps, Scolecithricella minor, Metridia lucens, Haloptilus oxycephalus and Oithona frigida, disparities of the distributions between the south of the Southern Boundary (SB) and the north became apparent. As here was a distinct difference of, about 2°C, in the sea surface temperature between the south and north of the SB, these disparities were considered to be influenced by the difference in the physical structure in the ocean, in particular by the water temperature, which was driven by the SB. Among Calanoides acutus, Calanus propinquus, and R. gigas, the earlier copepodite stages were observed at higher latitudes at all stations. This trend was considered to be a result of the sea ice retreat, which caused a later spawning period for Copepoda. In addition, an interaction between the sea ice conditions and the community structure of copepod along 140°E was suggested

オーストラリア ナンキョク キョク ニオケル ガイライシュ モチコミ ボウシ タイサク

2009 年2 月15 日から23 日にかけて,オーストラリア南極局(AAD: Australian Antarctic Division,以下同様)で取り組まれている外来種持ち込み防止対策に関する調査を行った.(1)機材の管理,(2)装備品の管理,(3)積荷の管理,(4)観測隊員への教育の4 項目について施設見学やインタビューを行い,現場の状況と外来種持ち込み防止対策システムの全容を把握した.本調査により,AADでは南極における観測・設営活動に伴う外来種持ち込みの危険性を強く認識し,機材や装備品,積荷の管理から観測隊員への教育まで,細部にわたり包括的な外来種持ち込み防止対策を講じていることが明らかとなった.特にAAD で徹底されていた職員や観測隊員への教育活動は,我が国の南極観測事業においても極めて有効な手段であると考えられる.本調査結果を参考にした組織的な外来種持ち込み防止対策の立案により,昭和基地周辺の貴重な生態系の保全につながることが望まれる.From February 15th to 23rd in 2009, the authors surveyed biosecurity measures being implemented at Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) against non-native species introduction into Antarctica. By visiting facilities and conducting interviews, the authors managed to understand the entire system of the biosecurity measures and management policies at AAD and the situation on the ground in four topics, 1. Management of equipment and machinery, 2. Management of expeditioners＇ clothing and gear, 3. Management of cargo, and 4. Education on expeditioners. This study demonstrated AAD strongly recognizes the risk of transporting non-native species into Antarctica in association with various activities of the Antarctic program thus has implemented comprehensive management policies with a range of meticulous measures to minimize the risk through the management of equipment, gear, clothing, cargo and the education of expeditioners. The thorough education on the risk of biological invasion in Antarctica and thereby the importance of the biosecurity measures for the expeditioners and staff conducted at AAD in particular was considered highly effective. Consideration and development of the organizational biosecurity measures for the JARE operations basedupon the data presented in this study is recommended to promote the conservation of the pristine ecosystem in and around Syowa Station in Antarctica

Unusual abundance of appendicularians in the seasonal ice zone(140°E ) of the Southern Ocean

During the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition(JARE) cruise on March 10-12 in 2002, NORPAC net samplings at three stations along a south-north transect, ca. 140°E in the Indian sector were conducted to survey zooplankton community structure and abundance in the seasonal ice zone(SIZ) of the Southern Ocean. A total of fourteen species/taxa were identified from the three stations. While copepods were numerically dominant at two stations(79.9% and 93.1% respectively of total abundance), appendicularians were found to be numerically dominant(84.0% of total abundance) at the southernmost station. This dominance of Appendicularia at this station suggested that Appendicularia is possibly an integral part of the community structure of the zooplankton in the SIZ. The Southern Boundary(SB) on the 140°E transect was found to be located at ～64.30°S and the southernmost station was located south of the SB while the two other stations were located north of the SB. Some species, such as Rhincalanus gigas, Calanus simillimus, Amphipoda, Euphausiacea, and Polychaeta, had distribution patterns that correlated with the position of the SB, therefore the SB is considered important in influencing the distribution of the zooplankton and its community structure in the SIZ

Remarkable morphological characteristics of Milnesium sp. from Inhovde, East Antarctica

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OB] 極域生物圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Unique microbial ecosystems of Antarctica

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OB] 極域生物圏11月17日（火）　統計数理研究所 セミナー室1（D305