Correlation between Progetto Cuore risk score and early cardiovascular damage in never treated subjects

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Impact of hypertension on the diagnostic accuracy of coronary angiography with computed tomography

Objective Hypertension induces coronary artery disease (CAD) and progression of arterial wall calcification. As coronary calcifications may cause artefacts in 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA), we sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CTCA in patients with and without arterial hypertension. Methods Eighty-five consecutive patients with suspected CAD underwent CTCA, calcium-scoring and conventional coronary angiography, and were grouped as hypertensive (28 women, 31 men, mean age 65 +/- 9 years, age range 49-82 years) or normotensive patients (10 women, 16 men, mean age 62 +/- 11 years, age range 39-77 years). On an intention-to-diagnose-basis, no coronary segment was excluded and non-evaluative segments were rated as false positive. Results Per-patient sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) in the hypertensive group were 91.4, 83.3, 88.9, and 86.9%, while the respective values in the normotensive group were 100, 78.9, 63.6, and 100% (P = 0.42, 0.71, 0.05, and 0.15). In the hypertensive group the prevalence of CAD was 59% and the mean calcium-score was 256; respective values in the normotensive group were 27% and 69, (P < 0.01, and < 0.05 vs. hypertensives). Conclusions Although hypertensives have significantly higher coronary calcifications, sensitivity and specificity are comparably high as in normotensives. The prevalence of CAD is higher in hypertensives and brings about a trend towards a lower NPV and a higher PPV

Abdominal Adiposity Values Associated With Established Body Mass Indexes in White, Black and Hispanic Americans. A Study From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Purpose: To determine whether white, black and hispanic young (17–39 y) and middle-aged (40–59 y) adults, and elderly (60–90 y) Americans have the same values of abdominal adiposity (estimated from waist circumference (WC) at the established levels of overweight (body mass index, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2). Methods: Data (n=16,120) from the US Third National Health and Nutrition Survey were utilized. Age-adjusted linear regression analyses were used to estimate gender- and ethnic-specific WC values corresponding to overweight and obesity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also employed to determine the choices of WC values corresponding to the established BMI cut-off points. With ROC, gender- and ethnic-specific cut-off points producing the best combination of sensitivity and specificity were selected as optimal thresholds for WC values corresponding to the established BMI cut-off points. Results: WC values associated with the established BMI were lower in blacks and hispanics compared with whites. In men, the WC values that corresponded to overweight ranged from 89 to 106 cm, from 84 to 95 cm, and from 87 to 97 cm in whites, blacks and hispanics, respectively. The corresponding values for obesity ranged from 99 to 110 cm, from 96 to 107 cm, and from 97 to 108 cm. The WC values that corresponded to overweight in women ranged from 82 to 91 cm, from 81 in to 90 cm, and from 83 to 92 cm in whites, blacks and hispanics, respectively. The analogous values for obesity ranged from 94 to 101 cm, from 93 to 100 cm, and from 94 to 101 cm. Conclusions: The lack of higher WC values in blacks (particularly women) and hispanics at the same levels of BMI for whites challenges previously held assumptions regarding the role of abdominal adiposity in cardiovascular disease experienced by non-whites. Defining the anthropometric variables that satisfactorily describe reasons for ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease is one of the challenges for future research