Forest plot for (a) visuospatial working memory performance and (b) verbal working memory performance after the training.

<p>The overall pooled effect size (standardised mean difference, displayed as a diamond) as well as individual study effect sizes (displayed as rectangles) and their 95% confidence intervals (represented by horizontal lines) are shown.</p

Forest plot for inattention in daily life after the training.

<p>The overall pooled effect size (standardised mean difference, displayed as a diamond) as well as individual study effect sizes (displayed as rectangles) and their 95% confidence intervals (represented by horizontal lines) are shown.</p

Flow diagram for the systematic search and selection of studies.

<p>Flow diagram for the systematic search and selection of studies.</p

Subgroup analyses for the effects of methodological and participant characteristics on inattention in daily life after training.

<p>Note. Results are presented for analyses including subgroups with at least 4 effect sizes, although significance of results did not change when analyses were performed including the passive control subgroup and healthy status subgroup (each with 2 effect sizes); CI, confidence intervals; SMD, stardardised mean difference; WM, working memory</p><p>Subgroup analyses for the effects of methodological and participant characteristics on inattention in daily life after training.</p

Forest plot for inattention in daily life following a delay after the training.

<p>The overall pooled effect size (standardised mean difference, displayed as a diamond) as well as individual study effect sizes (displayed as rectangles) and their 95% confidence intervals (represented by horizontal lines) are shown.</p

Participant and methodological characteristics of identified studies.

<p>Note. ADHD, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CFQ, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire; DBD, Disruptive Behaviors Disorders Rating Scale, ELBW, extremely low birth weight; LD, learning disorder; NR, not reported; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SEB, social and emotional behavioural difficulties; VLBW, very low birth weight; WM, working memory</p><p>+ not included in analyses because authors did not report inattention ratings due to missing data</p><p>* not included in the analysis of delayed effects of training because scores required for the analysis were not reported in the paper and at the time of submission authors had not provided information</p><p>^a described by authors as a standard neuropsychological test</p><p>^b some users prescribed stimulant medication</p><p>^c participants assessed for LD and 1 met criteria</p><p>^d families informed pre-training there were two versions of the program reflecting different levels of difficulty</p><p>^e trial is a RCT at post-training testing, and at long-term follow-up is a stepped wedge design</p><p>Participant and methodological characteristics of identified studies.</p

Activation maps related to the contrasts encoding vs retrieval.

<p>Activation maps related to the contrasts encoding vs retrieval.</p

Activation map for the contrast within-domain vs cross-domain concurrent tasks (MRIcron reference slices).

<p>Activations in yellow: within-domain concurrent task > cross-domain. Activations in red: cross-domain concurrent task > within-domain.</p

List of activations for contrasts of interest.

<p>List of activations for contrasts of interest.</p

Pearson’s correlations between activity of functional ROIs and (a) age or (b) retrieval accuracy.

<p>Pearson’s correlations between activity of functional ROIs and (a) age or (b) retrieval accuracy.</p