Co-expressed recombinant human Translin-Trax complex binds DNA

AbstractTrax, expressed alone aggregates into insoluble complexes, whereas upon co-expression with Translin becomes readily soluble and forms a stable heteromeric complex (∼430kDa) containing both proteins at nearly equimolar ratio. Based on the subunit molecular weights, estimated by MALDI-TOF-MS, the purified complex appears to comprise of either an octameric Translin plus a hexameric Trax (calculated MW 420kDa) or a heptamer each of Trax and Translin (calculated MW 425kDa) or a hexameric Translin plus an octameric Trax (calculated MW 431kDa). The complex binds single-stranded/double-stranded DNA. ssDNA gel-shifted complex shows both proteins at nearly equimolar ratio, suggesting that Translin “chaperones” Trax and forms heteromeric complex that is DNA binding competent

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM PATTERN OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM PATTERN OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN IND

Abstract Objectives. The present study was conducted to determine the bacterial aetiology and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of lower respiratory tract infections so as to update the clinicians in the various antimicrobial alternatives available in the treatment. Methods. patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected in time span of six months. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from sputum specimens, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, using standard bacteriologic techniques. Results. Out of the 60 cases, only 46 had an established bacterial aetiology. The most prevalent pathogen pneumoniae followed by Staphylococcus aeruginosa. Gram positive organisms showed 100% susceptibility to vancomycin, linezolid and levofloxacin. While, Gram negative isolates showed high susceptibility with aztreonam, piperacillin/tazobactum and cefoparazone/sulbactum. effective management of LRTIs bacteriological diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility pattern is indispensable. The present study was conducted to determine the bacterial aetiology and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of lower respiratory tract infections so as to update the clinicians in the various antimicrobial Methods. 60 sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected in time span Bacterial pathogens were isolated from sputum specimens, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, using standard Out of the 60 cases, only 46 had an established bacterial aetiology. The most prevalent pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas Gram positive organisms showed 100% susceptibility to vancomycin, linezolid and levofloxacin. While, Gram negative isolates showed high susceptibility with aztreonam, imipenam, colistin, piperacillin/tazobactum and cefoparazone/sulbactum. Conclusions. For acteriological diagnosis and antibiotic Research PAPER-QR COD

Mining of Indian wheat germplasm collection for adult plant resistance to leaf rust.

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum spp.), which causes considerable yield loss. Adult plant resistance (APR) is one of the most sustainable approaches to control leaf rust. In this study, field-testing was carried out across ten different locations, followed by molecular screening, to detect the presence of APR genes, Lr34+, Lr46+, Lr67+ and Lr68 in Indian wheat germplasm. In field screening, 190 wheat accessions were selected from 6,319 accessions based on leaf tip necrosis (LTN), disease severity and the average coefficient of infection. Molecular screening revealed that 73% of the accessions possessed known APR genes either as single or as a combination of two or three genes. The occurrence of increased LTN intensity, decreased leaf rust severity and greater expression of APR genes were more in relatively cooler locations. In 52 lines, although the presence of the APR genes was not detected, it still displayed high levels of resistance. Furthermore, 49 accessions possessing either two or three APR genes were evaluated for stability across locations for grain yield. It emerged that eight accessions had wider adaptability. Resistance based on APR genes, in the background of high yielding cultivars, is expected to provide a high level of race non-specific resistance, which is durable

Evaluation of 19,460 Wheat Accessions Conserved in the Indian National Genebank to Identify New Sources of Resistance to Rust and Spot Blotch Diseases

<div><p>A comprehensive germplasm evaluation study of wheat accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank was conducted to identify sources of rust and spot blotch resistance. Genebank accessions comprising three species of wheat–<i>Triticum aestivum</i>, <i>T</i>. <i>durum</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>dicoccum</i> were screened sequentially at multiple disease hotspots, during the 2011–14 crop seasons, carrying only resistant accessions to the next step of evaluation. Wheat accessions which were found to be resistant in the field were then assayed for seedling resistance and profiled using molecular markers. In the primary evaluation, 19,460 accessions were screened at Wellington (Tamil Nadu), a hotspot for wheat rusts. We identified 4925 accessions to be resistant and these were further evaluated at Gurdaspur (Punjab), a hotspot for stripe rust and at Cooch Behar (West Bengal), a hotspot for spot blotch. The second round evaluation identified 498 accessions potentially resistant to multiple rusts and 868 accessions potentially resistant to spot blotch. Evaluation of rust resistant accessions for seedling resistance against seven virulent pathotypes of three rusts under artificial epiphytotic conditions identified 137 accessions potentially resistant to multiple rusts. Molecular analysis to identify different combinations of genetic loci imparting resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust and spot blotch using linked molecular markers, identified 45 wheat accessions containing known resistance genes against all three rusts as well as a QTL for spot blotch resistance. The resistant germplasm accessions, particularly against stripe rust, identified in this study can be excellent potential candidates to be employed for breeding resistance into the background of high yielding wheat cultivars through conventional or molecular breeding approaches, and are expected to contribute toward food security at national and global levels.</p></div

Seedling resistance in wheat accessions.

<p>These genebank accessions were identified as resistant in the primary field evaluation at the hotspots. The seedling resistance was recorded as resistant either to only one rust disease (leaf, stem or stripe) or a combination of two or all the three rust diseases. Seedling resistance screening was carried out under controlled condition at the Regional Station of Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Flowerdale, Shimla. Accession-wise details are provided in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0167702#pone.0167702.s003" target="_blank">S3 Table</a>.</p

Locations of evaluation experiments of wheat germplasm against rusts and spot blotch.

<p>Primary screening against the three rusts was carried out at Wellington. Subsequent screening for stripe rust resistance was done at Gurdaspur and for spot blotch resistance at Cooch Behar. The seedling resistance assay was carried out at Flowerdale and molecular profiling was done at New Delhi. Base map was generated using DIVA-GIS data (<a href="http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata" target="_blank">www.diva-gis.org/gdata</a>).</p

Results of primary screening of wheat germplasm against three rusts.

<p>Stem: Stem rust; Leaf: Leaf rust; Stripe: Stripe rust S: Susceptible; MS: Moderately susceptible; MR: Moderately resistant; R: Resistant.</p

Experimental layout, flow of germplasm and salient results of the study.

<p>Blue filled boxes denote germplasm at various stages of the experiment. Trapezoids denote screening (green for field evaluation and red for lab assay). Figures and tables containing details corresponding to each stage of the flow are mentioned in italics below boxes.</p