Evaluation of antihyperglycemic effect of aloe vera gel extract in normal rats and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim is to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of aloe vera gel extract in normal rats and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by tail puncture method. METHODS: 24 adult male albino rats weighing 150-200g were selected from central animal house, Madurai Medical College, Madurai. Initially, 18 animals will be divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Group I received normal feed, Group II and Group III received aloe vera gel extract 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg orally for 14 days. After washout period of one month, 24 albino rats will be divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Group I received normal feed. Group II received Tab. Glibenclamide1mg/kg orally. Group III and Group IV received aloe vera gel extract 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg orally for 14days. The blood glucose level was monitored on day 1, 7 and 14 by tail vene puncture method RESULTS: Aloe vera gel extract of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg did not produce hypoglycemic effect on day 1, day 7 and day 14 in normal rats. The antihyperglycemic effect of standard drug is highly significant (p < 0.001) & aloe vera gel 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg shown significant antihyperglycemic effect when compared with control group (p < 0.05). The percentage fall in blood glucose levels with standard was 64.1% and aloe vera gel 400mg/kg treated group was 24.6% when compared with control group. CONCLUSION: Aloe vera gel extract 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg produce significant reduction in blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats when compared with control group but not in normal rats

Impact of industrial wastewater disposal on surface water bodies in Kalingarayan canal, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India

The Kalingarayan canal is crossing the major textile town Erode which is abundantly occupied by textile units. Major streams carrying the untreated / semi treated industrial effluents are mixed into the canal. However, the gradual introduction of a large number of new chemical compounds and the technologies has resulted in a much higher number of contaminants today. The original situation, which local intense pollution from a limited number of well-defined sources has been transferred into a situation with widespread contamination by a large variety of compounds from a multitude of sources. Continuous disposal of industrial effluents on the canal, limited assimilate capacity of the canal and also leads to groundwater pollution. Kalingarayan canal has helped to cultivate more than 6000 hectares. For the past few years, Kalingarayan farmers and cattle are experiencing various problems. The area of cultivation is reduced to 3000 hectares because of the contamination in the canal by the different polluting industries like tanneries, textiles and dyeing units located in Erode and Tirupur areas. Hence yield on their lands has decreased to a certain extent. Thus, this study gives a clear picture of pollution sources, types of effluents added in the canal. The scope of the present study is to assess the impact on the surface water of the Kalingarayan canal, a comprehensive experimental study to identify the pollutant levels in the surface water of the Kalingarayan canal and to suggest a suitable remedial measure to handle this problem

Artificial neural network modelling and economic analysis of soil subgrade stabilized with flyash and geotextile

1454-1461For analysis of stabilization of soil using fly ash, MAT LAB (7.12.0) has been employed. The effects of number of neurons in hidden layer with different algorithms are also investigated. Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation shows maximum R value of 0.97637 and minimum MSE value of 8.0242e-11. Economic beneficial are also investigated with local rates of the materials

Comparative Study on Start - Up Performance of HUASB and AF Reactors Treating Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

A study was performed in Hybrid Up flowAnaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) and Anaerobic Filter (AF) reactors to compare the start-up time and optimum HRT required for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under similar loading conditions. Initially, the reactors were started at an OLR of 0.77 Kg COD/m3.d and HRT of 36 h. Loading rates were increased by reducing HRT 24, 16, 12, 10 and 8h which corresponds the OLR of 1.15, 1.74, 2.27, 2.74, 3.43 Kg COD/ m3.d. HUASB reactor showed TCOD and SCOD removal efficiencies of 80% and 86%, respectively at an optimum HRT of 10 h whereasAF reactor showed 70% (TCOD) and 79% (SCOD) at optimum HRT of 12 h. Reducing HRT beyond 10h in HUASB reactor shown sludge wash out and lower COD removal efficiencies of less than 80% and beyond 12 h in AF marked decreased efficiencies as low as 66%. HUASB and AF reactors took 120, 147 respectively, for complete start-up. The granules of 2-2.5 mm sizes were observed in HUASB and less than 1 mm were observed in AF with settling velocities ranging between 0.5-0.83 m/min and 0.5 -0.65m/min,respectively. From Residence TimeDistribution studies, dispersion numbers (<0.2) showed both the reactors attained plug flow regime. The present study revealed that the HUASB reactor has very good removal efficiency and less start-up time compared to that of AF reactor for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater

Comparative study of raw and microwave irradiated industrial solid waste as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from its aqueous solution

165-172Raw shot blasting dust (SBD) has been collected from a foundry and then treated in a microwave (MWSBD). Both raw and treated samples are employed as adsorbents for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from its aqueous solution. Composition of raw SBD and MWSBD is studied through wet analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry analysis proves the presence of groups like Si-O-Si, Si-OH, iron oxide and traces of ammonia in adsorbent. Surface morphology of adsorbent is studied through scanning electron microscopy and surface area analysis is conducted to evaluate surface area, total pore volume and pore diameter. The effect of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time has been studied and optimum experimental conditions are obtained. Results reveal that as the amount of adsorbent increases, the percentage removal of the dye also increases. The adsorption of MB dye onto raw SBD and MWSBD follows pseudo second order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion model. Study on the dye by both the adsorbents fits the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubnin- Radushkevich isotherms well. The present study confirms the potentiality of an abundant low cost solid waste material and its availability for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution

Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater in upflow anaerobic filter under low upflow velocity

The wastewater discharged by poultry slaughterhouse industries are characterized mainly by high biochemical oxygen demand, high suspended solids and complex mixture of fats, proteins and fibers requiring systematic treatment prior to disposal. In this study, the performance of an upflow anaerobic filter reactor for treating Indian poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under low upflow velocity of 1.38 m/day at mesophilic temperature (29-35 °C) was investigated. The reactor was inoculated with anaerobic non-granular sludge from an anaerobic reactor treating the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The reactor took 147 days for complete start-up with removal efficiencies of total chemical oxygen demand and soluble chemical oxygen demand of 70 and 79 % respectively. The maximum total chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 78 % was achieved at an organic loading rate of 10.05 kg/m3/day and at an hydraulic retention time of 12 h. The average methane content varied between 46 and 56 % and methane yield at maximum removal efficiency was 0.24 m3 CH4 /kg CODremoved.day. Sludge granules of 1-2 mm were observed in between the packing media. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that sludge granules are composed of clumps of Methanosarcina clustered with less intertwined Methanosaeta fibre of granules. The lower velocity used in this study has achieved better performance of the reactor by creating active microbial formation with stable pH upto an organic loading rate of 14.3 kg/m3/day. This has proved that the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater can be treated using anaerobic filter reactor under low upflow velocity

Chelating properties of Spirulina against the atrazine toxicity on the antioxidant enzymes activities in the fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio

ABSTRACT In the present investigation the effect of atrazine on antioxidant enzyme activity in the fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio Linn. The experimental fish were treated with atrazine (0.5 mg/ L) for 5 days. Another group (III) of fish treated with atrazine in 120 hours, after that fish was exposed to dried Spirulina pellet (2 gram. The group IV fish was exposed to Spirulina alone for 5 day. After the treatment fish was dissected out the organs like gill, liver and kidney were analysed enzymological parameters like Catalase (CAT) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) level. Antioxidant enzymes are biomarkers used to indicating the atrazine toxicity. The SOD, CAT and LPO are increased during the atrazine exposure period (P&gt;0.05). In the group III atrazine along with Spirulina exposure the antioxidant enzymes was recovered (P&gt;0.05). Present study undertaken the toxic effect of atrazine on Cyprinus carpio fish and chelating property of Spirulina