45 research outputs found
(SI10-130) On Regular Inverse Eccentric Fuzzy Graphs
Two new concepts of regular inverse eccentric fuzzy graphs and totally regular inverse eccentric fuzzy graphs are established in this article. By illustrations, these two graphs are compared and the results are derived. Equivalent condition for the existence of these two graphs are found. The exact values of Order and Size for some standard inverse eccentric graphs are also derived
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ETHOSOMAL MICONAZOLE NITRATE SUSPENSION
Objective: The objectives of the present study were to optimize and evaluate the ethosomal suspension of miconazole nitrate for the treatment of local and systemic fungal infections.
Methods: Miconazole topical formulation is prepared for better patient compliance and to reduce the dose of a drug. Miconazole nitrate ethosomes were prepared by the cold method using factorial designing with Ethanol(X1), IPA(Isopropyl alcohol)(X2), and Lecithin(X3) as Independent variables and % EE(Entrapment efficiency)(Y1) and % DR(drug release at 8th h)(Y2) was selected as responses.
Results: The results obtained in the design showed that there was no significant interaction among factors. The lecithin concentration had a positive response on % EE, while ethanol concentration and IPA had a positive effect. For % DR, Ethanol, and IPA showed a positive effect and Lecithin had a negative response. The formulation EM22 (3 ml X1,3 ml X2 and 300 mg of X3) characterized by high % EE(77.3 %) and optimum % DR(94.2%) and formulation EM6 (2 ml X1,2 ml X2 and 100 mg of X3) characterized by high % DR(97.32 %) and optimum % EE (74.8 %). EM22 was incorporated in the gel as it is showing more entrapment efficiency and compared with the marketed product for drug release.
Conclusion: From the result, it was concluded that formulated ethosomal suspension and optimized gel have more drug release than marketed formulation so that formulated suspension can be used for the preparation of antifungal gels, creams, ointments for sustained release
Management of Horizontal Root Fracture in the Middle Third via Intraradicular Splinting Using a Fiber Post
Radicular fractures in permanent teeth are uncommon injuries and account for only 0.5–7% of dental traumas. These fractures commonly result from a horizontal impact and are transverse to oblique in direction. Their incidence is more in the middle third of the root than at the apical and cervical thirds. This paper describes a case of complicated crown fracture of maxillary incisors along with horizontal root fracture at the middle third of maxillary right central and lateral incisor. The fractured root fragments of the upper right central and lateral incisor were united with the help of a glass fiber post after receiving an endodontic treatment. The other two incisors were treated endodontically followed by post endodontic restorations. Eventually the four incisors were restored with porcelain fused to metal crowns. A one-year follow-up revealed a well stabilized assembly of the root fragments and the post
An In vitro, nonexperimental, exploratory research for the development of a guidance system to identify dental implant system used in India based on their radiographic appearance
Introduction: Identifying an osseointegrated dental implant could become vitally important in case some other clinician tries to restore it and plays a vital role in forensic odontology. However, existing ways to identify them are very crude and nonspecific. In addition, they are not focusing on implants used frequently in India. Aims: The aim of this study was to design a guidance system to identify different implant systems and their subtypes used in India and to evaluate the efficiency of this guidance system to identify an unknown dental implant. Materials and Methods: Radiographs of the 15 most common dental implant systems used in India were analyzed and categorized based on their morphological appearance under the headings. Nontapered or tapered/threaded or not, neck design, thread length, shape, etc., were observed on intraoral periapical radiographs, and a guidance system in the form of a flow chart was made. Based on the flow chart, 15 randomized assessor-blinded radiographs were tested for the accuracy of the guidance system that was developed. The Chi-square test was used at a 95% confidence interval to determine the accuracy of the guidance system used for the identification of assessor-blinded radiographs. Results: The newly designed dental implant identification guidance system effectively identified 14 out of 15 unknown implant radiographs among implant systems and subtypes used in this study. Nonparametric Chi-square test was applied and the results were highly significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The guidance system developed has the potential to identify the implant system mentioned in this study based on its radiographic appearance
Diabetes Mellitus as the Presenting Feature of Friedreich's Ataxia
Patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) are at an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance. Diabetes usually develops many years after the initial presentation. We report an 8-year-old girl who initially presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and was treated as a case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Around a year later, she developed gait problems and ataxia. Cardiac involvement was detected on echocardiography. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of FA. FA should be a diagnostic consideration in children presenting with diabetes and neurological issues, even with early presentation of the former. Early occurrence of diabetes and rapid progression of ataxia in this patient needs a better understanding of underlying genetic mechanisms
Behavioural issues in late life may be the precursor of dementia- A cross sectional evidence from memory clinic of AIIMS, India.
BackgroundMild Behavioural Impairment (MBI), an "at risk" state for incident cognitive declin, is characterized by late onset, sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms of any severity which cannot be accounted for by other formal medical and psychiatric nosology. There is no study related to MBI from India.Methods and findingsIn this cross-sectional observational study 124 subjects 60 years and above were recruited between March 2017 to October 2018, from memory clinic of department of Geriatric medicine with memory or behavioural complains. Subjects with major neurocognitive impairment (CDR score of 1 or more), major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and impaired activities of daily living (ADL) were excluded. Subjects with Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) (CDR- 0.5), and Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) (CDR- 0) were included. Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) was used to identify the presence of NPS. The ISTAART-MBI (International Society of Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment-Alzheimer's Association) diagnostic criteria was used to diagnose MBI. All the participants underwent a geriatric assessment using standardised screening. The objectives of this study was to determine the frequency of mild behavioural impairment (MBI), and its domains, in MCI or SCI and its association with comorbidities and geriatric syndromes. The mean age of the participants was 69.21, 71.77% (89) were male and 28.23% (35) were female. 41.13% (51) of these individuals were diagnosed with MBI. The MBI and non MBI group differed significantly in marital status, cognitive status and MCI subtype. The proportion of domains involved are as follows: decreased motivation 60.78%(31), emotional dysregulation 54.90% (28), impulse dyscontrol 68.63% (35), social inappropriateness 21.57%(11), abnormal perception 2 (3.93%). Presence of multi-morbidity, and diabetes, were statistically significant between the groups.ConclusionThis study presents the first clinic-based prevalence estimates of MBI from Asia. Findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of MBI in predementia clinical states, impulse dyscontrol was the most commonly involved MBI domain. Multimorbidity, diabetes, urinary incontinence were other determinants of MBI
Nano cobalt oxides for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Nano structured metal oxides including TiO2, Co3O4 and Fe3O4 have been synthesized and
evaluated for their photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation. The photocatalytic
activity of nano cobalt oxide was then compared with two other nano structured metal
oxides namely TiO2 and Fe3O4. The synthesized nano cobalt oxide was characterized
thoroughly with respect to EDX and TEM. The yield of hydrogen was observed to be 900,
2000 and 8275 mmol h�1 g�1 of photocatalyst for TiO2, Co3O4 and Fe3O4 respectively under
visible light. It was observed that the hydrogen yield in case of nano cobalt oxide was more
than twice to that of TiO2 and the hydrogen yield of nano Fe3O4 was nearly four times as
compared to nano Co3O4. The influence of various operating parameters in hydrogen
generation by nano cobalt oxide was then studied in detail
Influence of zeolitic structure on photoreduction property and hydrogen evolution reaction
A new photocatalytic material developed by supporting TiO2 in combination with transition
metal ion like cobalt and heteropolyacid (HPA) on the surface is facilitating enhanced
photoreduction of water and methyl orange. Zeolites being a solid acid play an important
role in the electron transfer reaction, facilitated by the Lewis acid sites in the form of
aluminium ions. In the present work, four different zeolite matrices namely, NaY zeolite,
ultrastable zeolite Y, beta zeolite and titanium silicate-1 have been used for the synthesis
of new photocatalytic materials. These materials have been evaluated for water splitting by
an initial screening procedure using methyl orange photoreduction. The photocatalyst
containing Na Y has emerged as a potential photocatalyst with hydrogen evolution rate of
2730 mmol/h/g of TiO2. Hydrogen evolution was not observed for the composite photocatalysts
synthesized using the other zeolite matrices. It has been observed that physicochemical
properties like Si/Al ratio, acidity and basicity of the zeolite support have
a tremendous influence on the photoreduction property of these zeolite matrices
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation through water splitting on nano-crystalline LaFeO3 perovskite
Visible light active ABO3 type photocatalyst with LaFeO3 composition was synthesized by
sol-gel method. The photocatalyst was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray
diffraction, BET surface area analysis, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy,
UVevisible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UVeVisible DRS), and photoluminescence
spectroscopy. LaFeO3 photocatalyst exhibited an optical band gap of 2.07 eV with the
absorption spectrum predominantly in visible region of the spectrum. The BET surface area
of photocatalyst LaFeO3 was observed as 9.5 m2/g, with the crystallite size of 38.8 nm as
calculated by the Debye-Scherer equation. The photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3 was
investigated for hydrogen generation through sacrificial donor assisted photocatalytic
water splitting reaction by varying conditions in feasible parametric changes using visible
light source, ethanol as a sacrificial donor and Pt solution of H2PtCl6 as a co-catalyst. The
rate of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution was observed to be 3315 mmol g�1 h�1 under
optimized conditions and using 1 mg dose of photocatalyst with reaction time of 4 h and
illumination of 400 W