SUMO Sites Prediction in Human Transcription Factors Involved in Hypoxia induced Cardiac Illnesses

Protein SUMOylation is a reversible and well knownpost-translational modificationprocess of the cells. It may change a protein's cellular location, interactions, and possible structural shape before it develops to carry out its basic functions.Also, it decides the binding of transcription factors and DNA binding proteins tochromatin in addition to various cis and trans regulatory factors. Alterations in protein SUMOylation have been linked with a variety of disorders and developmental anomalies.Tentative approaches to identify SUMO binding sites are challenging due todynamic nature of the SUMOylation processand various critical lab experimentswhich are involved very high cost.Therefore, the computational methodologies may guide the experimental identification of SUMOylation sites and provide insights for improving comprehensionofSUMOylation mechanism in the cells.In this study, we identify the SUMO binding sites in transcription factors that are actively involved and have crucial roles in cardiac development andpathophysiology of the heart.A list of important transcription factors was preparedfrom thehuman transcription factor database.The GPS-SUMO, SUMO plot, and JASSA web serverswere used for the prediction of SUMO binding sites in cardiac transcription factors.We identified the SUMOylation of several novel, previously uncharacterized SUMO targetsthat are actively involved in thecardiovascular system.Thus, the present study may help to uncoverthe significance ofSUMO modificationin cardiac development and illnesses which creates a fresh avenue for future studies ontarget-specific SUMOylation for identification of novel therapeutic targets andmanagement strategies forhypoxia-induced cardiovascular disorders

ANTICANCER AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF BARLERIA PRIONITIS LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT

Objective: The present study was focused to screen traditionally used Barleria prionitis for anticancer effects against various cell lines and antimicrobial effect against various pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi.Methods: Extraction of Barleria prionitis leaves in ethanol was done by the Soxhlet method. After extraction, phytochemical estimation of these seven secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides was done as per the protocols of Kokate. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) effect of Barleria leaf ethanol (BLE) was done by the dilution method on five bacterial and five fungal strains. Further analysis (anticancer activity) was done with SRB (Sulphorhodamine B) assay. Statistical analysis of antimicrobial and anticancer activity was done by using MS Excel 2007 to±standard deviation and student t-test.Results: Barleria leaf extract with ethanol is a non-polar solvent extract and considered as the best solvent to extract the maximum number of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. BLE extract gave excellent MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) effects against pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungal strains. BLE had highly effective activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 1.25 mg MIC, the OD value of the sample was 0.02±0.0005 (±SD) with 0.0211-0.0245 range. MIC against fungal strains had effective activity against Candida vaginitis with 6.25 mg, the OD value of the sample was 0.02±0.0003 (±SD) with 0.0213-0.0232 range. BLE extract had given more than 70% inhibition against breast cell lines (MCF-7) and 75.16% inhibition of DLD1 cell lines; it was near to Doxorubicin antibiotic (81%). Breast metastatic cell line (MDMAMB-468) was found 60% inhibited with BLE extract and there was a great difference in the results of Doxorubicin. Out of six experimented cell lines, BLE gave very good inhibition for two cell lines, i.e. Breast (MCF-7) and Colon cell lines (DLD-1).Conclusion: BLE extract had shown the best antimicrobial and antifungal effect, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida vaginitis respectively. BLE also showed an anticancer effect against Lung cell lines (A549), Breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), Breast metastatic cell line (MDMAMB-468), Colon cell line (DLD-1) and lung metastatic cell line (NCIH358) at a statistically significant level (p=<0.05). It did not give any significant results against the colon metastatic cell line (SW620)

Schiff Bases and Their Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Characteristics and Applications

The development of Schiff base was a major step forward in the area of coordination chemistry. Schiff bases, a class of organic compounds, carry the imine or azomethine (>C=N–) functional group. Schiff bases played an influencing role in the development of coordination chemistry and were a key point in the development of inorganic, bioinorganic chemistry and optical materials. Schiff bases, widely used in inorganic, organic, and analytical chemistry, account for a significant portion of the more commonly employed classes of organic molecules. The ability of Schiff base ligands to form stable metal complexes with a wide range of transition and other metal ions makes them extremely useful. Condensation of a primary amine with an aldehyde or ketone yields a Schiff bases. In this chapter, we focused on introducing Schiff bases, classified them and their metal complexes, and discussed several synthesis methods, including conventional and green approaches. This chapter also elaborated on the industries’ applications, such as the food industry, agrochemical industry, dye industry, analytical chemistry, catalysis, energy storage, environmental, chemo-sensing, bio-sensing, and biomedical applications of novel Schiff bases and their metal complexes

Gut Microbiome and COVID 19 Role of Probiotics on Gut Lung Axis

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic called Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily attacks the respiratory tract, but it also disturbs the gastrointestinal system (GIT). The presence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor in the intestinal epithelial cells, suggest the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 viruses from lungs to gut through systemic circulation. The virus detected in fecal samples of COVID-19 patients causes several gastrointestinal maladies including vomiting, diarrhea, and pain in abdomen. The gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with alterations in gut microbial composition, an increase in inflammatory cytokines and delayed virus clearance. Several studies demonstrated a decreased abundance of beneficial microbial species and increased opportunistic pathogens in the fecal samples of COVID-19 patients. The gut and lungs, share a bi-directional relationship called the “gut-lung axis” which is modulated by imbalanced gut microbiota. Since the gut microbes are suggested to play a vital role in health and disease by maintaining homeostasis of the immune system, therefore targeting the intestinal dysbiosis with beneficial microbial species, seems plausible to eventually diminish the effects of pulmonary infections and diseases. In this review, we have summarized studies demonstrating the gut-lung axis in association with gut dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the review also highlights the studies showing the potential role of probiotic supplementation in the amelioration of various respiratory infections and diseases. Data demonstrate that the restoration of gut microbial communities by probiotic supplementation can enhance lung capacity to combat respiratory viral infections including SARS-CoV-2

Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop

Global warming is predicted to have negative effect on plant growth due to the damaging effect of high temperature on plant development. The field experiment was conducted during 2014-15 to study effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop in order to check the effect of climatechange on vegetable crops. Effect was studied under four conditions i.e. Open Top Chambers, T1: OTC - elevated CO2550±10 ppm; T2: OTC -elevated CO2 550±10 ppm and temperature 1°C; T3: OTC - ambient CO2 and temperature (reference) and T4: natural condition. Maximum plant height at 50 % flowering was recorded in T1 (84.29cm) at elevated CO2 which differed significantly with T2 (79.47cm) at elevated CO2 and temperature, T3 (73.60cm) at ambient CO2 and temperature and natural condition (70.73cm). Minimum days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded in plants growing under T2 (68.56 days). Maximum pollen viability was recorded in T1 (77.42%) followed by T3 (76.36%), T4 (74.65%) and T2 (69.97%). Internode length of plants grown under T1 was maximum (7.01cm) followed by T2 (6.68cm), T3 (6.00cm) and T4 (5.05cm). Elevated temperature and CO2 had significant effects on growth and development in vegetables. Overall, growth parameters of pea crop were affected positively by elevated CO2 whereas under interaction effect of elevated CO2 and temperature these positive effects of CO2 were offset by elevated temperature effect and hampered the growth of pea crop which interns can affect the yield and quality of crop under changing climate scenario

Effect of Body Mass Index on work related musculoskeletal discomfort and occupational stress of computer workers in a developed ergonomic setup

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Work urgency, accuracy and demands compel the computer professionals to spend longer hours before computers without giving importance to their health, especially body weight. Increase of body weight leads to improper Body Mass Index (BMI) may aggravate work related musculoskeletal discomfort and occupational-psychosocial stress. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of BMI on work related musculoskeletal discomforts and occupational stress of computer workers in a developed ergonomic setup.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A descriptive inferential study has been taken to analyze the effect of BMI on work related musculoskeletal discomfort and occupational-psychosocial stress. A total of 100 computer workers, aged 25-35 years randomly selected on convenience from software and BPO companies in Bangalore city, India for the participation in this study. BMI was calculated by taking the ratio of the subject's height (in meter) and weight (in kilogram). Work related musculoskeletal discomfort and occupational stress of the subjects was assessed by Cornell University's musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ) and occupational stress index (OSI) respectively as well as a relationship was checked with their BMI.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A significant association (p < 0.001) was seen among high BMI subjects with their increase scores of musculoskeletal discomfort and occupational stress.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>From this study, it has been concluded that, there is a significant effect of BMI in increasing of work related musculoskeletal discomfort and occupational-psychosocial stress among computer workers in a developed ergonomic setup.</p

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum