Assessment of Malnutrition in Pre-School children visiting immunization clinic, Maharana Bhoopal Hospital, Udaipur (Rajasthan)

Background: The pre-school age groups (2-5years) were evaluated for growth and nutritional status at immunization clinic at Maharana Bhoopal hospital, Udaipur. Objectives: To study the malnutrition in pre-school children. Material & Methods: The cross sectional study had been carried out between august 2013 to November 2013 with 1080children at immunization clinic Maharana Bhoopal Hospital Udaipur. Body weight, height were recorded including with age, gender and also education and occupation and socio-economic status of mother by interviewing the mother at the time they attended the immunization clinic and by the help of MAMTA CARD. Result: The age and sex distribution of 1080 examined children revealed that 52.8% were males while 47.2% were females. The malnutrition in the subjects was determined as per World Health Organization child growth standards [1]. Data reveals that 4.2% of male children, 4.1% of female children were severely stunted and 10.7% of male children, 11.2% of female children were stunted. Whereas 3.1% of male children, 4.7% of female children were found to be severely wasted and 11.4% of male children, 12.3% of female children were wasted. Also found that 7.5% of male children, 7.6% of female children were overweight and 1.9% of male children, 1.0% of female children were obese. Conclusion: There is need of more education about nutrition and dietary habits to population including proper antenatal and postnatal care of mother to decrease the prevalence of malnutrition in children

Clinico-epidemiological profile of sexually transmitted infections in patients attending a tertiary health care hospital in southern Himachal Pradesh: A retrospective study

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem and are a burden to the individual, his family and community. The prevalence of STIs is very high in developing nations including India and varies widely across different regions. There is enormous need to study the pattern of STIs in various regions of country for implementation of control strategies. Aims: To estimate the prevalence and to study the clinico-epidemiological profile and trends of sexually transmitted infections in patients attending the STI clinic of a tertiary care hospital in southern Himachal Pradesh. Material and methods: Records of patients attending the STI clinic during last two years i e from January 2019 to December 2020 was retrieved and analysed retrospectively. Results: Vulvovaginal candidiasis was the most common (non viral) STI seen in 624(39.3%) patients. While genital warts (8.7%), molluscum contagiosum (8.2%) and herpes genitalis (7.2%) were the common viral STIs. Bacterial STIs like gonococcal urithritis(7.9%), chancroid (6.6%), bacterial vaginosis (6.3%), non gonococcal urithritis (3.9%), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) (3.6%) and non gonococcal cervicitis (3%) were not uncommon. Rapid plasma regain test (RPR) was found to be reactive in 24(1.5%) patients, out of which, 14(0.9%) were males and 10(0.6%) were females. HIV seropositivity was seen in 2(0.2%) patients and both of them were males. Conclusion: Fungal STI was more common as compared to viral STIs. Trend for viral STIs is increasing and that for bacterial STIs is declining among STI clinic attendees, which is consistent with other studies from different regions

Syncopal attack: A rare complication just after spinal needle insertion during spinal anesthesia

A syncopal attack is a sudden loss of consciousness and muscle tone that may be due to various reasons. Vasovagal attack is one of the reason that leads to an unanticipated syncopal attack. A case is described in which a high level of anxiety and pain during insertion of the spinal needle caused a vasovagal attack. A 36-year-old female patient was posted for exploratory laparotomy. During the insertion of a 25-gauge spinal needle she became unconscious with the loss of muscle tone. The spinal needle got bent when it was still present inside the patient. The spinal needle was removed immediately with restoration of airway and circulation. A patient undergoing elective surgery with adequate anxiolysis can still have a rare chance of a syncopal attack

Predictive correlation of adverse clinical outcomes with thrombocytopenia in dengue fever: A single center experience

Background: Dengue fever is the most widely distributed viral infection in the world with more than 100 million people affected. In this study we attempt to study the co-relation between the nadir of the plateletcount and the onset of warning signs (persistent pain abdomen and vomiting, mucocutaneous bleed or clinical fluid accumulations). A positive co-relation in between these two elements could help predict onset of shock and third spacing and facilitate prognostication and early intervention. Methods: We studied 82 patients with a diagnosis of dengue fever, the basis of which was clinical signs and symptoms with a positive NS1 antigen test. The nadir of thrombocytopenia and rise in transaminases were studied along with onset of various warning signs. Results: The nadir of thrombocytopenia correlates with onset of warning signs such as clinical fluid accumulation (two tailed P value <0.002) and mucosal bleed (two tailed P value <0.001). However, the rising value of transaminases does not co-relate statistically with onset of warning signs in Dengue fever. Conclusions: The age of patients ranged from 18 to 60 with 23 out of 83 (27.7%) being in the 30-40 years age group

Low-cost removal of basic red 9 using cow dung ash

In the present study, basic red 9 had been removed from synthetic waste water using animal waste. Cow dung ash had been prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscope. Morphology analysis shows very fine particles of less than 1 μm. The pH analysis study favours a pH of 8.5 for maximum dye removal. The removal of basic red 9 was very fast on cow dung ash. Percentage dye removal was 80.24% and 95.24 in 5 minutes and 90 minutes, respectively at initial dye concentration of 10 ppm