Institutional and organizational features of cross-border cargo traffic in the post-soviet space integration terms. Part I

The article covers the technical, technological, institutional, and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of cargo. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The study touches on institutional and organizational problems of border crossing checkpoints arrangement, the consequences of the application of unified transport documents and the introduction of electronic communication forms. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstrative actions and the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing transaction costs of cross-border cargo traffic. Herewith it is indicated that the most effective way to improve the efficiency of cross-border transportation of cargo suggests simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations. Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international road transportation of cargo, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the guaranteed customs duties payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border cargo traffic. The fact that the state support of national entrepreneurs requires a mechanism to ensure the parity of Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the field of cargo transportation for state needs, with the involvement of credit resources of government-linked banks is highlighted. It is underlined that the first step towards improving the institutional environment of international road transportation should envisage the elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere. The article identifies institutional features of cargo transportation in specific areas such as deliveries by road to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of transit potential of Kaliningrad Region. The article shows institutional and organizational characteristics of combined transportation in cross-border traffic. The article concludes that the development of cross-border transportation of cargo and the implementation of transport and transit potential of EAEU member states may and should become a powerful source of income for business entities, budgets of all levels and households, as well as the driving force of industrial and technological upgrading and institutional and organizational evolution of economic systems of the countries and integration associations.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project № 15-06-06939 a «Modelling the cyclical evolution of mutual influence of the national transport system and the state of the markets of goods (services), labor and capital in terms of integration and global instability»)

Implementing Urgent Transport and Transit Projects Based on Public-private Partnership in Russia

The article examines the main areas for implementing urgent transport and transit projects based on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Russia. This paper continues the study of theory and practice of using PPP to implement the investment projects aimed at developing and realizing the transport and transit potential of Russia. The authors used the methodological basis of the evolutionary and institutional theory, historical approach, system analysis, and theory of the rm to examine the ongoing projects aimed at developing the transport and transit system in Russia based on PPP, such as construction of high-speed Moscow — Kazan highway with its subsequent extension to the Chinese border, functioning of transport and logistics system in the Chelyabinsk region, infrastructural support for transit cargo shipments along the Northern Sea Route (NSR), participation of foreign investors in the development of Russian sea ports and approaches to them. It is shown that the provision of competitive advantages offered by transit shipping operations on a particular route requires a high speed of cargo transportation with a minimum of stops, handling, and transshipments along the route. The revenues from realizing transport and transit potential can be compared with the amount of resource rent only when Russia builds not just a transit sector but the production and transit sector in its economy. In this regard, the authors focused on defining the opportunity and necessity of organizational transformations associated with building a large public-private transport company that would be able to compete with global sea container companies on Asia—Europe routes. The article elaborated the main areas and measures under the proposed national project “Developing the Transit Economy in Russia: Uniting Eurasia” and its subprogram “Developing the Innovative Rolling Stock for Container and Multimodal Shipping Operations.” The finding of the study presented in the article may be used for preparing the state programs and projects that include a system of measures to develop and realize the transport and transit potential of Russia based on institutional and organizational transformations.The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Science Foundation (Project № 16–18–10149)

Institutional and Organizational Features of Cross-border Cargo Traffic in the Post-soviet Space Integration Terms. Part I

The article covers the technical, technological, institutional, and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of cargo. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The study touches on institutional and organizational problems of border crossing checkpoints arrangement, the consequences of the application of unified transport documents and the introduction of electronic communication forms. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstrative actions and the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing transaction costs of cross-border cargo traffic. Herewith it is indicated that the most effective way to improve the efficiency of cross-border transportation of cargo suggests simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations.Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international road transportation of cargo, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the guaranteed customs duties payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border cargo traffic. The fact that the state support of national entrepreneurs requires a mechanism to ensure the parity of Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the field of cargo transportation for state needs, with the involvement of credit resources of government-linked banks is highlighted. It is underlined that the first step towards improving the institutional environment of international road transportation should envisage the elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere.The article identifies institutional features of cargo transportation in specific areas such as deliveries by road to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of transit potential of Kaliningrad Region. The article shows institutional and organizational characteristics of combined transportation in cross-border traffic.The article concludes that the development of cross-border transportation of cargo and the implementation of transport and transit potential of EAEU member states may and should become a powerful source of income for business entities, budgets of all levels and households, as well as the driving force of industrial and technological upgrading and institutional and organizational evolution of economic systems of the countries and integration associations

Institutional and organizational featu res of cross-border ca RGO traffic in the post-soviet space integration terms. Part II.

The article covers the technical, technological, institutional, and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of cargo. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The study touches on institutional and organizational problems of border crossing checkpoints arrangement, the consequences of the application of uni ed transport documents and the introduction of electronic communication forms. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstrative actions and the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing transaction costs of cross-border cargo traffic. Herewith it is indicated that the most effective way to improve the efficiency of cross-border transportation of cargo suggests the simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations.Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international road transportation of cargo, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the guaranteed customs duties payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border cargo traffic. The fact that the state support of national entrepreneurs requires a mechanism to ensure the parity of Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the eld of cargo transportation for state needs, with the involvement of credit resources of government-linked banks is highlighted. It is underlined that the first step towards improving the institutional environment of international road transportation should envisage the elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere.The article identifies institutional features of cargo transportation in specific areas such as deliveries by road to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of transit potential of Kaliningrad Region. The article shows institutional and organizational characteristics of combined transportation in cross-border traffic.The article concludes that the development of cross-border transportation of cargo and the implementation of transport and transit potential of EAEU member states may and should become a powerful source of income for business entities, budgets of all levels and households, as well as the driving force of industrial and technological upgrading and institutional and organizational evolution of economic systems of the countries and integration associations

Study of the possibilities of technology of complex extraction of useful components from coastal-sea placers of Primorye with application of methods of pyro-hydrometallurgy

Intensive exploitation of placer gold deposits in Primorye led to the depletion of their geological reserves, which was reflected in a sharp decrease in the production of precious metals. An alternative source of precious metals is the never before exploited placer deposits of the Primorsky shelf, which have concentrated a significant amount of gold and titanomagnetite. The importance of gold as the basis of the economic security of our country can hardly be overestimated. Titanomagnetites are solid solutions of titanium dioxide in magnetite containing a rich gamut of impurities V, Cr, Zr and other alloying elements. Russia has gained vast experience in processing gold-bearing ores, but the problem of developing gold-titanomagnetite coastal-marine placers has not yet been solved. The objectives of our research included assessing the possibilities of industrial processing of metal-bearing sands of the Rudnev Bay of the Sea of Japan using pyro-hydrometallurgy and fluoride opening methods. For this, a four-stage scheme for the extraction of useful components was developed. In the first of them, the initial sands underwent gravitational enrichment, followed by separation by electromagnetic separation into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. In the second stage, the magnetic material represented by titanomagnetite underwent fine grinding, reduction firing in hydrogen, and sintering of the powder material. In the third stage, non-magnetic components, which include the bulk of gold and zircon, served as the feedstock for exposure to a thiocarbamide-thiocinate solution. In the fourth stage, the insoluble cake concentrating zircon was fluorinated with ammonium bifluoride. The use of this scheme for processing metal-bearing sands made it possible to extract native gold, zirconium concentrate and iron powders of various fineness

Development of physicochemical foundations of the technology of extraction of low-ash graphite from high-carbone rocks of the Jiamusi-Hankaiskaya province

The majority of high technologies which are indicators of the level of development of the industrial production in the advanced countries are inconceivable without graphite use. The bulk of graphite is imported into Russia from abroad. Enormous resources of crystal graphite are concentrated in ore deposits of the Jiamusi-Hankaiskaya province with submeridional strike towards the adjacent territories of the South of the Far East of Russia and the northeast of China. There are features of Dalnerechensk group (with Filinskoye being the largest of them), deposits of of Lesozavodsk group (Tamginskoye, Turgenevskoye) and graphite-ore giant of Liumao Mashan group of the Heilongjian province in the Northern, central and Southern sides of this province respectively. A characteristic feature of the graphite ores of these objects is the abundance of inclusions of quartz, native metals, intermetallic compounds. Using the deposits of the Lesozavodsk group as an example, the possibilities of extracting high-purity graphite from them were investigated. The results of the research of the conditions of the purification of the natural graphite with the usage of the processes of the hydrodifluoride technology are given. The interaction of the major impurity elements of the concentrate with NH4HF2 resulting in the formation of the complex fluorine ammonium salts and simple fluorides is established to occur during processing of the graphite concentrate with ammonium hydrodifluoride. Conducting the fluoridization with usage of 20 percents of surplus of NH4HF2 has been found to allow reaching the complete fluoridization of the impurity components which are present in the graphite. The complex fluorine ammonium salts and the fluorides of alkaline metals have appeared to be removed from fluoridated concentrate by means of the water leaching. As a result of the experiments, the foundations for the introduction of promising industrial hydrofluoride technology for the purification of natural graphite from impurities have been created. The application of the developed basic scheme for the production of high-purity graphite opens up wide prospects for the deep processing of graphite ores in the deposits of Primory

Public-private partnership as the core form of the implementation of Russia's transport and transit potential

The article discusses the theory and practice of the implementation and development of transport and transit potential (TTP) of Russia. This could be an effective way to replace the natural resource rent as the main source of income for the state and economic actors. For the modernization of national economic system the key importance are innovative technologies in the development of transport and transit potential through the organization of the production of goods and services with the highest added value in Russia. We proposed and substantiated the hypothesis about the necessity of creation of a Federal company responsible for the financing and implementation of Russia's transport and transit potential development projects on the principles of public-private partnership (PPP). The authors have revealed the economic, institutional and organizational prerequisites for the establishment of such a public-private partnership company. We have provided the opinions of scientists and experts showing the urgent need to create in one form or another a single operator to transport goods on the territory of Russia and the Eurasian economic Union. To prove the hypothesis, we presented a description and analysis of the factors affecting the value of transit freight transport on Euro-Asian routes. We paid the special attention to identify the reasons of the increasing competitive advantage of Maritime transport in the world's goods movement system. The authors based the main conclusion that, first of all, the created publicprivate partnership company should be large due to tough competition of developing transit freight by land routes with the global Maritime container services. Secondly, it needs a significant state participation since the management of the world's cargo flows requires the effort of foreign policy and geo-economic nature. We emphasized that this business entity would become an active proponent and lobbyist of the most effective projects for the development of transport infrastructure of the country. The research is based on the methods of system analysis, theory of structural and technological balance of economics, organization theory, evolution and institutional theory and utilizes historical approach. The results of the study can be used for the development of the state economic sectoral programmes of structural reforms; indicative plans of innovative development of rail, sea, road infrastructure and transport machine building; as well as for the preparation and implementation of specific projects of financing the development of transport and transit potential on a public-private partnership basis.Рассмотрена теория и практика реализации и развития транспортно-транзитного потенциала России как эффективного способа замены сырьевой ренты в качестве основного источника доходов государства и субъектов экономики. Представлены организационные и институциональные особенности применения государственно-частного партнерства при осуществлении инвестиционных проектов, направленных на развитие и реализацию транспортно-транзитного потенциала России и регионов страны. Дано описание и анализ факторов, влияющих на величину транзитных перевозок грузов по евроазиатским маршрутам. Особое внимание уделено выявлению причин повышения конкурентных преимуществ морского транспорта в обслуживании мировой системы товародвижения.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No 16-18-10149)

The implementation of transportation and transit projects on the basis of public-private partnership in Russia

The article considers the main directions of the implementation of the current transportation and transit projects on the basis of the institution of public-private partnership in Russia. This work is a continuation of the study of the theory and practice of the application of public-private partnership in the investment projects aimed at the development and realization of the transportation and transit potential of the country. On the methodological basis of evolutionary and institutional economics, historical approach, system-oriented analysis and the theory of firms, the main current projects for the development of Russian transportation and transit system using public-private partnership are considered. They are the construction of a high-speed line of Moscow - Kazan with subsequent extension to the Chinese border; functioning of the transport and logistics in the Chelyabinsk region; infrastructure of transit cargo by Northern Sea Route; participation of foreign investors in the development of Russian seaports and sea gates. It is shown that the competitive advantage of transit traffic by a particular route requires more traversing speed of cargo with a minimum of stops, handling and overloads in the way. Revenue from transportation and transit potential implementation can be comparable to the size of the resource rent in the case of the development in Russia of the production and transit sector of the economy, and not only of a transit one. In this regard, the emphasis is placed on the determination of the possibility and necessity of organizational changes associated with the development of a large public-private transportation company, able to compete with global sea container services of the route of Asia - Europe. The main directions and activities under the proposed national project "Development of transit economy in Russia: Uniting Eurasia" and its subprogram "Creation of innovative rolling stock for container and multimodal transport" are developed. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of state programs and projects, containing a system of measures to develop and implement the transportation and transit potential of Russia on the basis of institutional and organizational changes. © Copyright 2005-2016 Institute of Economics, the Ural branch of the RAS. All rights reserved.Рассмотрены основные направления реализации актуальных транспортно-транзитных проектов на основе института государственно-частного партнерства в России. Показано, что обеспечение конкурентных преимуществ транзитных перевозок по конкретному маршруту предполагает большую скорость проследования грузов с минимумом остановок, обработок и перегрузов в пути. Представлено развитие транспортно-транзитного потенциала Челябинской области и Северного морского пути.The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Science Foundation (Project. 16-18-10149)