Desarrollo experimental de controladores Fuzzy para procesos térmicos y neumáticos

In this project, a Fuzzy control system is proposed in an industrial process training module with two independent systems between them, one thermal and the other pneumatic. The control algorithm is developed in Python language v3.6 executed by a Raspberry Pi B+, both controllers depend on the error and change in error that are updated in times of 2 s and 1 s, for temperature and pressure respectively, communication with the plants uses A/D and D/A converters, the thermal Fuzzy was analyzed with three temperature references [50,100 and 150]°C, with a rise time of 191 s, 360 s and 505 s; steady state error of 5.5%, 0.7% y 0.7%, in the pneumatic system the speed of change between references is evaluated from 10 psi to 15 psi varying the activation of the compressor at the beginning of the experiments, the settling times obtained are 111 s and 106 s, with the compressor off the result is 116 s and 88 s, besides a maximum excess of 13% with inherent oscillations to the type system that are in an acceptable range. En este proyecto, se propone un sistema de control Fuzzy en un módulo de entrenamiento de procesos industriales con dos sistemas independientes entre sí, uno térmico y otro neumático, el algoritmo de control se desarrolla en lenguaje Python v3.6 ejecutado por una Raspberry Pi B+, ambos controladores dependen del error y cambio en el error que se actualizan en tiempos de 2 s y 1 s, para temperatura y presión respectivamente, la comunicación con las plantas emplea conversores A/D y D/A, el Fuzzy térmico se analizo con tres referencias de temperatura [50,100 y 150]°C, con un tiempo de subida de 191 s, 360 s y 505 s; error de estado estacionario de 5.5 %, 0.7% y 0.7 %, en el sistema neumático se evalúo la velocidad de cambio entre referencias de 10 psi a 15 psi variando la activación del compresor al inicio de los experimentos, los tiempos de asentamiento que se obtienen son 111 s y 106 s, con el compresor apagado el resultado es de 116 s y 88 s, además de un sobrepaso máximo de 13% con oscilaciones inherentes al tipo sistema que se encuentran en un rango aceptable.&nbsp

CuZnAl-oxide nanopyramidal mesoporous materials for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas: Tuning of H2/CO ratio

Inspired by the knowledge of the thermocatalytic CO2 reduction process, novel nanocrystalline CuZnAl-oxide based catalysts with pyramidal mesoporous structures are here proposed for the CO2 electrochemical reduction under ambient conditions. The XPS analyses revealed that the co-presence of ZnO and Al2O3 into the Cu-based catalyst stabilize the CuO crystalline structure and introduce basic sites on the ternary as-synthesized catalyst. In contrast, the as-prepared CuZn-and Cu-based materials contain a higher amount of superficial Cu0 and Cu1+ species. The CuZnAl-catalyst exhibited enhanced catalytic performance for the CO and H2 production, reaching a Faradaic efficiency (FE) towards syngas of almost 95% at −0.89 V vs. RHE and a remarkable current density of up to 90 mA cm−2 for the CO2 reduction at −2.4 V vs. RHE. The physico-chemical characterizations confirmed that the pyramidal mesoporous structure of this material, which is constituted by a high pore volume and small CuO crystals, plays a fundamental role in its low diffusional mass-transfer resistance. The CO-productivity on the CuZnAl-catalyst increased at more negative applied potentials, leading to the production of syngas with a tunable H2/CO ratio (from 2 to 7), depending on the applied potential. These results pave the way to substitute state-of-the-art noble metals (e.g., Ag, Au) with this abundant and cost-effective catalyst to produce syngas. Moreover, the post-reaction analyses demonstrated the stabilization of Cu2O species, avoiding its complete reduction to Cu0 under the CO2 electroreduction conditions

On the incorporation of interval-valued fuzzy sets into the Bousi-Prolog system: declarative semantics, implementation and applications

In this paper we analyse the benefits of incorporating interval-valued fuzzy sets into the Bousi-Prolog system. A syntax, declarative semantics and im- plementation for this extension is presented and formalised. We show, by using potential applications, that fuzzy logic programming frameworks enhanced with them can correctly work together with lexical resources and ontologies in order to improve their capabilities for knowledge representation and reasoning

Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation

Hypothermia is one factor associated with mortality in newborn ruminants due to the drastic temperature change upon exposure to the extrauterine environment in the first hours after birth. Ruminants are precocial whose mechanisms for generating heat or preventing heat loss involve genetic characteristics, the degree of neurodevelopment at birth and environmental aspects. These elements combine to form a more efficient mechanism than those found in altricial species. Although the degree of neurodevelopment is an important advantage for these species, their greater mobility helps them to search for the udder and consume colostrum after birth. However, anatomical differences such as the distribution of adipose tissue or the presence of type II muscle fibers could lead to the understanding that these species use their energy resources more efficiently for heat production. The introduction of unconventional ruminant species, such as the water buffalo, has led to rethinking other characteristics like the skin thickness or the coat type that could intervene in the thermoregulation capacity of the newborn. Implementing tools to analyze species-specific characteristics that help prevent a critical decline in temperature is deemed a fundamental strategy for avoiding the adverse effects of a compromised thermoregulatory function. Although thermography is a non-invasive method to assess superficial temperature in several non-human animal species, in newborn ruminants there is limited information about its application, making it necessary to discuss the usefulness of this tool. This review aims to analyze the effects of hypothermia in newborn ruminants, their thermoregulation mechanisms that compensate for this condition, and the application of infrared thermography (IRT) to identify cases with hypothermia