NERVE-CELL LOSS IN THE MYENTERIC PLEXUS OF THE HUMAN ESOPHAGUS IN RELATION TO AGE - A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Morphometric measurements have been carried out on the human myenteric esophageal neurons at the ages of 20-40 and more than 70 years. The number of neurons decreases after 70 years of age, which is accompanied by an increase in the sizes of the neurons, In percentage terms the decrease in the number of neurons in the aged varied from 22 to 62% along the esophagus being most pronounced in its superior third at the junction with the pharynx.411182

NONMETRIC TRAITS OF THE INFRACRANIAL SKELETON

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On the incidence of the biceps brachii third head in Brazilian whites and blacks

The incidence of a third head of the biceps brachii muscle has been reported in several articles, and there is a general idea that it is a race-dependent variation. The aim of this investigation was to study the biceps brachii muscle with regard to the incidence of its third head in a mixed white and black Brazilian population. A total of 200 upper arms from adult white and black cadavers (100 whites and 100 blacks) fixed in a 10% formol solution were examined and compared. It was observed that for white subjects the incidence of the third head was 20% against 9% for the black subjects: a statistically significant difference. We suggest that other factors, in addition to racial ones, might play a part in determining the incidence of the biceps brachii third head in a population.1801697

On The Incidence Of The Biceps Brachii Third Head In Brazilian White And Blacks.

The incidence of a third head of the biceps brachii muscle has been reported in several articles, and there is a general idea that it is a race-dependent variation. The aim of this investigation was to study the biceps brachii muscle with regard to the incidence of its third head in a mixed white and black Brazilian population. A total of 200 upper arms from adult white and black cadavers (100 whites and 100 blacks) fixed in a 10% formol solution were examined and compared. It was observed that for white subjects the incidence of the third head was 20% against 9% for the black subjects: a statistically significant difference. We suggest that other factors, in addition to racial ones, might play a part in determining the incidence of the biceps brachii third head in a population.18069-7

Effect of age on proximal esophageal response to swallowing

CONTEXT: It has been demonstrated that the ageing process affects esophageal motility. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of the age on the proximal esophageal response to wet swallows. METHOD: We measured the proximal esophageal response to swallows of a 5 mL bolus of water in 69 healthy volunteers, 20 of them aged 18-30 years (group I), 27 aged 31-50 years (group II), and 22 aged 51-74 years (group III). We used the manometric method with continuous perfusion. The proximal esophageal contractions were recorded 5 cm from a pharyngeal recording site located 1 cm above the upper esophageal sphincter. The time between the onset of the pharyngeal and of the proximal esophageal recording (pharyngeal-esophageal time) and the amplitude, duration and area under the curve of the proximal esophageal contraction were measured. RESULTS: The pharyngeal-esophageal time was shorter in group I subjects than in group II and III subjects (P<0.05). The duration of proximal esophageal contractions was longer in group I than in groups II and III (P<0.001). There was no differences between groups in the amplitude or area under the curve of contractions. There were no differences between groups II and III for any of the measurements. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the age may affects the response of the proximal esophagus to wet swallows