The role of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer management: an overview

Regional lymph nodes surgical management is an integral part of breast cancer therapy. One of the most important therapeutic problems is the risk of surgical treatment which is too wide or inadequate due to the lack of correct presurgical information on the conditions of regional lymph nodes. For melanoma the problem was solved combining surgical accuracy with the slightest surgical resection, using sentinel node biopsy. In breast cancer the removal of axillary nodes proved to be unnecessary in more than 50% of cases. The first international studies on the use of sentinel node biopsy in breast carcinoma for the identification of patients who do not need axillary clearance suggest the high accuracy of the technique. Some practical problems still exist, however, and the optimisation of the method is not yet complete. The use of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer treatment might be able to provide distinctive clinical information, which can improve our knowledge about the disease?'s biological behaviour and about its treatment

The role of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer management: an overview

Regional lymph nodes surgical management is an integral part of breast cancer therapy. One of the most important therapeutic problems is the risk of surgical treatment which is too wide or inadequate due to the lack of correct presurgical information on the conditions of regional lymph nodes. For melanoma the problem was solved combining surgical accuracy with the slightest surgical resection, using sentinel node biopsy. In breast cancer the removal of axillary nodes proved to be unnecessary in more than 50% of cases. The first international studies on the use of sentinel node biopsy in breast carcinoma for the identification of patients who do not need axillary clearance suggest the high accuracy of the technique. Some practical problems still exist, however, and the optimisation of the method is not yet complete. The use of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer treatment might be able to provide distinctive clinical information, which can improve our knowledge about the disease?'s biological behaviour and about its treatment

Depression Secondary to Tumors in Patients who Underwent Surgery for mammary Carcinoma: Psycho-Pharmaceutical and Psychotherapeutic care.

Abstract The Authors repeated a pilot psycho-social research they had already undertaken in this University in 1986-1987, with an increased number of patients, administering a psycho-therapeutic treatment to patients who had undergone surgery for mammary carcinoma and correlating the evolution of the tumoral disease with the role of depression and the immune system. These 50 patients were compared to another randomly chosen control-group of 50 patients. Both groups were homogeneous as regards medical-surgical and psycho-social parameters and had routine oncological care. Only the patients of the study-group were submitted to individual psychotherapy and treated psychopharmacologically. At the end of the study, the two groups showed a statistically significant difference as regards the evolution of the tumoral disease in favour of the study-group. In addition, a relevant improvement from depression was recorded in the study-group along with a normalization and a boost of the immunological measurement

Imaging probe for breast cancer localization

High spatial resolution, small Field Of View (FOV), fully portable scintillation cameras are lower cost and obviously lower weight than large FOV, not transportable Anger gamma cameras. Portable cameras allow easy transfer of the detector, thus of radioisotope imaging, where the bioptical procedure takes place. In this paper we describe a preliminary experience on radionuclide Breast Cancer (BC) imaging with a 22.8 x 22.8 mm(2) FOV minicamera, already used by our group for sentinel node detection with the name of Imaging Probe (IP). In this work IP BC detection was performed with the aim of guiding biopsy, in particular open biopsy, or to help or modify fine needle or needle addressing when main driving method was echography or digital radiography. The IP prototype weight was about I kg. This small scintillation camera is based on the compact Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube Hamamatsu R7600-00-C8, coupled to a CsI(TI) scintillation array 2.6 x 2.6 x 5.0 mm(3) crystal-pixel size. Spatial resolution of the IP was 2.5 mm Full-Width at Half-Maximum at laboratory tests. IP was provided with acquisition software allowing quick change of pixels number on the computer acquisition frame and an on-line image-smoothing program. Both these programs were developed in order to allow nuclear physicians to quickly get target source when the patient was anesthetized in the operator room, with sterile conditions. Tc-99m Sestamibi (MIBI) was injected at the dose of 740 MBq 1 h before imaging and biopsy to 14 patients with suspicious or known BC. Scintigraphic images were acquired before and after biopsy in each patient. Operator was allowed to take into account scintigraphic images as well as previously performed X-ray mammograms and echographies. High-resolution IP images were able to guide biopsy toward cancer or washout zones of the cancer, that are thought to be chemoresistant in 7 patients out of 10. Four patients, in whom IP and MIBI were not able to guide biopsy, did not show cancer. Two patients in whom biopsy was performed in the high washout zone, did show Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) gene product at immunohistochemistry on bioptical samples. Specific radioactivity was measured on biopsy specimens and measurement confirmed the etherogeneous distribution of MIBI within cancers. Our study confirms the ability of IP to guide breast biopsy even when our mini-camera has to be manually handled by trained physicians during operation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

D1.3 Overview of Existing Interoperability of Virtual Factories

The FIRST (vF Interoperation suppoRting buSiness innovation) project aims to provide new technology and methodologies to describe manufacturing assets; to compose and integrate existing services into collaborative virtual manufacturing processes; and to deal with evolution of changes. This deliverable describes the state of the art of existing interoperability of virtual factory Task T1.6 Inventories and assess existing manufacturing interoperate frameworks and analysis requirements and defining use cases for design and validation of the proposed interoperate framework, thus creating a baseline for the research, in relation to working package WP5. Section 1 includes a general introduction of the deliverable. Section 2 reviews interoperability of virtual factory architecture in the context of the RAMI 4.0 architecture, international/industrial data space (IDS), interoperability framework for digital manufacturing platforms, FIWARE smart industry architecture, and sources of further information. Section 3 looks at the issues how to dynamically switch between streaming data sources. Numbers of approaches are reviewed for supporting dynamic on-the-fly switching between streaming data sources for distributed big data analysis and data source interoperability. Multiple manufacturing domains encompass a wide variety of systems where each of them has their own formats, concepts, relationships, data structures, syntaxes and semantics. Section 4 reviews 10 approaches related to different manufacturing aspects of manufacturing assets/services classification for interoperability of virtual factory. Section 5 provides principles of manufacturing services discovery and composition methods for supporting interoperability of digital factory. Section 6 briefly summarized FIWARE platform and describe how FIRST interoperability framework could be built based on FIWARE platform. Section 7 introduces KM software manufacturing solutions and provides data interoperability requirements to FIRST framework. Section 8 includes a case study of Shuangchi shoe manufacturing processes and analyses the current process limitations. The overview of existing interoperability related technologies provides blueprint for our further research on WP5 as well as WP2, WP3, WP4. The initial research in this deliverable is going to be refined in a later release of this deliverable, following the results of WP2, WP3, WP4, and WP