Prevalence and Therapeutic Efficacy of Anthelmintic against Neoascaris vitulorum in Buffalo Populations from Sylhet District of Bangladesh

Background and Objectives: The epidemiological features of Neoascaris vitulorum infection in buffaloes are important to know their transmission and risk factors assessment as well treatment regimens. This study was conducted with the objectives of determining the prevalence of Neoascaris vitulorum infection in buffaloes in Sylhet district of Bangladesh and to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintics against the parasite. Materials and Method: A total of 211 fecal samples were collected from buffaloes and examined for the detection of parasitic eggs during the period from July 2017 to June 2018. For the determination of therapeutic efficacy, animals were randomly divided into 6 groups (T0, Ti, T1, T2, T3, T4) where each group consisting of 3 buffaloes. The group T0 (negative control-non infected) and Ti (positive control-infected) were treated only with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The other four infected groups were treated as T1 with albendazole, T2 with piperazine citrate, T3 with ivermectin and T4 with combination of tetramisole HCL and oxyclosanide. Before trials day 0 and after treatment of 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days fecal samples examined using McMaster technique. Results: The overall prevalence was estimated 17.06% (36/211). The prevalence was higher among buffalo calves of below six months (39.28%) followed by 6 months to 1 year, 1 to 2 years and above 2 years as 25%, 22.5% and 7.20% respectively. The infection rate was high in females (20.0%) than males (13.18%). The parasite was more prevalent in rainy (21.42%) than summer (16.67%) and winter (14.29%) seasons. The EPG results revealed piperazine citrate was the most effective (100%) against Neoascaris vitulorum. The percent efficacies of other anthelmintic used in this study were albendazole, ivermectin and combination of tetramisole HCL and oxyclozanide as 95.49%, 86.20% and 95.58% respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of Neoascaris vitulorum infection in buffalo at Sylhet district of Bangladesh was relatively high. The results revealed that piperazine citrate, tetramisole HCL and oxyclozanide combination are highly effective for the reduction of egg per gram (EPG) of Neoascaris vitulorum infection in buffalo. On the other hand ivermectin and albendazole were also around ninety percent effective respectively

A Newly Cloned ClC-3 Isoform, ClC-3d, as well as ClC-3a Mediates Cd2+-Sensitive Outwardly Rectifying Anion Currents

Background: ClC-3, a member of the ClC family, is predicted to have six isoforms, ClC-3a to -3f, with distinct N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences. There have been conflicting reports on the properties of ClC-3a (also known as the N-terminal short form of ClC-3) and ClC-3b (the N-terminal long form of ClC-3) as plasmalemmal Cl- channels. Meanwhile, little is known about other isoforms. The amino acid sequence of ClC-3d (a C-terminal variant of the short form) listed in the NCBI database was derived from the genomic sequence, but there has been no experimental evidence for the mRNA. Methods: PCR-cloning was made to obtain the full coding region of ClC-3d from mouse liver. Its molecular expression on the plasma membrane was microscopically examined in HEK293T cells transfected with GFP-tagged ClC-3d. Its functional plasmalemmal expression and the properties of currents were studies by whole-cell recordings in the cells transfected with ClC-3d. Results: The cloned ClC-3d was found to be the only isoform which has an N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to ClC-3a. When introduced into HEK293T cells, a minor fraction of exogenous ClC-3d proteins was detected at the plasma membrane, and activation of anion currents was observed at neutral pH under normotonic conditions. The properties of ClC-3d currents were found to be shared by ClC-3a-mediated currents. Also, both ClC-3d and -3a currents were found to be sensitive to Cd2+. ClC-3d overexpression never affected the endogenous activity of acid- or swelling-activated anion channels. Conclusion: We thus conclude that plasmalemmal ClC-3d, like ClC-3a, mediates Cd2+-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion currents and that ClC-3d is distinct from the molecular entities of acid- and volume-sensitive anion channels

[In Press] DFCV : a framework for evaluation deep learning in early detection and classification of lung cancer

The deep learning (DL) classification technique is extensively researched and considered for early lung cancer diagnosis. Despite the encouraging performance reported in the literature, DL models face several challenges to be deployed in real-life systems. These include the DL-Models' stability, the nodule structure's complexity, the lack of proper lung segmentation technique, high false-positive results, and the availability of publically shared medical imaging data. This paper investigates, identifies, and intensively studies DL approaches that yield high performance in the classification of Lung Cancer. We reviewed 338 articles, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria we have set for the proposed framework. In addition, we propose and evaluate a framework to govern the DL model selection and deployment process in real-world systems. The framework consists of four main components; Data, Feature Selection, Classification Technique, and View (DFCV). We discuss the efficiency and the importance of the proposed DFCV framework on 37 state-of-the-art research papers in the field of deep learning-based lung cancer classification systems. The DFCV framework could represent a guide for DL-based systems selection and deployment in medical centers for lung cancer