Quantification of doxycycline hyclate in different pharmaceutical samples by UV assay

A simple, selective, linear, precise and accurate ultraviolet detection (UV) method has been developed and applied for the determination of doxycycline hyclate in different pharmaceutical samples. Acid-base analysis and titrimetric method were utilized to determine the value of pH and moisture content of purchased pharmaceutical samples. A mixture of methanol and hydrochloric acid (0.01N methanolic HCl) was used to determine the biochemical properties of doxycycline hyclate. UV detector set at 349 nm was used to monitor the effluent. The purified water was used as solvent. In 1% aqueous solution of doxycycline, three samples (4th, 5th and 7th) showed lower pH values of 1.97, 1.98, and 1.99 respectively. Furthermore, the same samples indicated the additional moisture contents of 2.81%, 2.85% and 2.83% respectively while considering the acceptance level (1.4% to 2.8%). The method proved to be linear (R2 = 0.993), precise (RSD = 0.79% for inter-day precision), accurate (Recovery = 100.59%) and selective regarding possible impurities and excipients of the samples. The doxycycline content obtained in the sample analysis was within the range of 84.05% to 85.80%. The optimized and validated method may be successfully employed to perform routine quality control analyses. Investigation of the pH, moisture content and potency of doxycycline hyclate in different samples give a general view of local pharmacies trade and ensure that the method applied here was validated for this kind of analysis

Effects of exposure to imidacloprid contaminated feed on the visceral organs of adult male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

The best-known and often used systemic, broad-spectrum neonicotinoid pesticide is imidacloprid (IMI). This study was carried out on adult male rabbits (n = 12) to assess the residual effects of exposure to IMI-contaminated diet on the liver, lung, heart, and kidney. Pesticide-exposed rabbits (n = 6) received IMI contaminated green grass (Bildor® 0.5 ml (100 mg)/L water) every alternative day once daily for up to 15 days. The remaining rabbits were fed a standard diet free of pesticides as a control. During routine monitoring of the rabbits throughout the experiment, there were no apparent toxic symptoms identified. On days 16, after deep anesthesia blood and visceral organs were collected. The levels of hepatic serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were considerably elevated in IMI-exposed rabbits (p ≤ 0.05). Thin layer chromatography revealed that the residue of IMI was at the detectable level in the liver and stomach. Histopathologically, the liver revealed coagulation necrosis with granulomatous inflammation and congestion in portal areas with dilated and congested central veins. The lungs showed congestion of blood vessels and granulomatous inflammation around the terminal bronchiole. Accumulations of inflammatory cells were observed in the cortico-medullary junction in the kidney. The heart showed necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells within the cardiac muscles. The findings of the current study emphasize that IMI-contaminated feed exposure causes toxicity into the cellular level of different visceral organs of adult male rabbits and it may also cause the similar toxic effects of the other mammals specially the occupationally exposed persons