Cone-manifolds and hyperbolic surgeries

We first introduce hyperbolic, Euclidean, and spherical cone-manifolds of arbitrary dimension. After that, we carefully describe a deforming hyperbolic 4-polytope of finite volume. Finally, we glue copies of that polytope to get some interesting deformations of hyperbolic cone-manifolds of dimension four. In particular, we discover some four-dimensional instances of Thurston's hyperbolic Dehn surgery and degeneration. We also find the smallest known hyperbolic 4-manifold that is not commensurable with the integral lattice of O(4,1)

Polyphenol content of CME, PEF, CHF, EAF and AQF.

<p>Polyphenol content of CME, PEF, CHF, EAF and AQF.</p

Differences in the hematological parameters of normal group (Group I: non tumor-bearing, which received vehicle only), untreated tumor-bearing control mice (Group II), and EAF-treated tumor-bearing mice (Group III) on day 12 after tumor inoculation.

<p>(A) White blood cell (WBC) count, (B) Red blood cell (RBC) count, (C) % of Hemoglobin (Hb). Significant differences of Group II and Group III was compared with Group I marked as asterisk and phi represents significant differences between Group III and Group II (*/^φ<i>p</i> < 0.05, **/ ^{φ φ}<i>p</i> < 0.01, and ***/ ^φφφ<i>p <</i> 0.001). Tumor weight differences (D) was measured and % of tumor weight was calculated compared to Group II, Group III, and Group IV (bleomycin-treated tumor-bearing mice) daily per mouse upto 20 days of treatment. Data are representative of three independent experiments (4 mice per group). Significant differences of Group III and Group IV was compared with Group II marked as asterisk (*<i>p <</i> 0.05, **<i>p <</i> 0.01, and ***<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p

Analysis of mRNA of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes.

<p>Expression of (A, upper panel) NFκB, p53, and PARP-1 and (B, upper panel) Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Bax genes was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in EAF-untreated EAC control mice (C) and EAF-treated EAC mice (T). The positions of the genes along with their length are indicated on the left in bp. The bottom panel shows the PCR products of GAPDH as a control. GAPDH transcript was used to normalize the expression levels. Relative expression of (A, lower panel) NFκB, p53, and PARP-1 and (B, lower panel) Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Bax genes was determined by a densitometric method. (C (i), upper and C (ii) lower panels) Fold changes of NFκB and p53 relative to untreated control (C) was determined by a densitometric method. Error bars indicate the S.D. from three different experiments. M represents 1 kb DNA ladder; C and T indicate control and EAF-treated mice, respectively. The asterisks indicate that EAF treated tumor bearing mice is significantly different (*<i>p <</i> 0.05, **<i>p <</i> 0.01, and ***<i>p</i> < 0.001) from untreated control group.</p

Determination of morphological changes of tumor bearing EAC cells and percentage of apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy and flowcytometry, respectively.

<p>(3A) Tumor-bearing untreated control group (Group II) versus (3B) EAF treated, tumor-bearing group (Group III); arrows indicate apoptotic features, including condensed chromatin, apoptotic bodies, plasma membrane blebbing, and nuclear fragmentation. (3C) EAC cells were treated with EAF <i>in vitro</i> for different time intervals and percentage of apoptotic cells of total cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are shown as means of 3 independent experiments (n = 3).</p

Sequence coverages of some of the predicted venom gland proteins of <i>S</i>. <i>c</i>. <i>edwardsii</i> as revealed by the combined approach of MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry.

<p>Protein sequences including specific domains are indicted by colored bars; below these, corresponding peptides identified by ESI (black lines) and MALDI (red lines) are indicated.</p

Sequence alignment of the serine proteinases of the venom of <i>S</i>. <i>c</i>. <i>edwardsii</i>.

<p>Different colors indicate the unique peptides identified by tandem mass spectrometry of the corresponding proteins.</p

Sequence alignment of the metalloproteinases of the venom of <i>S</i>. <i>c</i>. <i>edwardsii</i>.

<p>Different colors indicate the unique peptides identified by tandem mass spectrometry of the corresponding proteins.</p

Identification of proteins of the venom of <i>S</i>. <i>c</i>. <i>edwardsii</i> not predicted from the transcriptome analysis.

<p>Identification of proteins of the venom of <i>S</i>. <i>c</i>. <i>edwardsii</i> not predicted from the transcriptome analysis.</p