464 research outputs found
Fundamental Behavior of Electric Field Enhancements in the Gaps Between Closely Spaced Nanostructures
We demonstrate that the electric field enhancement that occurs in a gap
between two closely spaced nanostructures, such as metallic nanoparticles, is
the result of a transverse electromagnetic waveguide mode. We derive an
explicit semianalytic equation for the enhancement as a function of gap size,
which we show has a universal qualitative behavior in that it applies
irrespective of the material or geometry of the nanostructures and even in the
presence of surface plasmons. Examples of perfect electrically conducting and
Ag thin-wire antennas and a dimer of Ag spheres are presented and discussed.Comment: 9 pages and 4 figure
Weighted Least-Squares Finite Element Method for Cardiac Blood Flow Simulation with Echocardiographic Data
As both fluid flow measurement techniques and computer simulation methods continue to improve, there is a growing need for numerical simulation approaches that can assimilate experimental data into the simulation in a flexible and mathematically consistent manner. The problem of interest here is the simulation of blood flow in the left ventricle with the assimilation of experimental data provided by ultrasound imaging of microbubbles in the blood. The weighted least-squares finite element method is used because it allows data to be assimilated in a very flexible manner so that accurate measurements are more closely matched with the numerical solution than less accurate data. This approach is applied to two different test problems: a flexible flap that is displaced by a jet of fluid and blood flow in the porcine left ventricle. By adjusting how closely the simulation matches the experimental data, one can observe potential inaccuracies in the model because the simulation without experimental data differs significantly from the simulation with the data. Additionally, the assimilation of experimental data can help the simulation capture certain small effects that are present in the experiment, but not modeled directly in the simulation
Uruk Colonies and Anatolian Communities: An Interim Report on the 1992-1993 Excavations at Hacinebi, Turkey
The first Mesopotamian city-states in the Uruk period (ca. 3800-3100 B. C.) pursued a strategy of commercial expansion into neighboring areas of the Zagros Mountains, Syria, and southeastern Anatolia. Recent research in these areas has located several Uruk outposts, in what is apparently the world\u27s earliest-known colonial system. Although some Uruk colonies have been excavated, virtually nothing is known about either the operation of this system or its role in the development of local polities in Anatolia. Excavations at the site of Hacinebi, on the Euphrates River trade route, investigate the effects of the Uruk Expansion on the social, economic, and political organization of southeastern Anatolia during the fourth millennium B. C. Hacinebi has two main Late Chalcolithic occupations - a pre-contact phase A and a later contact phase B with high concentrations of Uruk ceramics, administrative artifacts, and other Mesopotamian forms of material culture. The Hacinebi excavations thus provide a rare opportunity to investigate the relationship between the Uruk colonies and the local populations with whom they traded, while clarifying the role of long-distance exchange in the development of complex societies in Anatolia. Several lines of evidence suggest that the period of contact with Mesopotamia began in the Middle Uruk period, earlier than the larger colonies at sites such as Habuba Kabira-South and Jebel Aruda in Syria. The concentrations of Uruk material culture and the patterns of food consumption in the northeastern corner of the Local Late Chalcolithic settlement are consistent with the interpretation that a small group of Mesopotamian colonists lived as a socially distinct enclave among the local inhabitants of Hacinebi. There is no evidence for either Uruk colonial domination or warfare between the colonists and the native inhabitants of Hacinebi. Instead, the presence of both Anatolian and Mesopotamian seal impressions at the site best fits a pattern of peaceful exchange between the two groups. The evidence for an essential parity in long-term social and economic relations between the Mesopotamian merchants and local inhabitants of Hacinebi suggests that the organization of prehistoric Mesopotamian colonies differed markedly from that of the better-known 16th-20th century European colonial systems in Africa, Asia, and the Americas
Mechanical design and development of TES bolometer detector arrays for the Advanced ACTPol experiment
The next generation Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) experiment is currently underway
and will consist of four Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays, with
three operating together, totaling ~5800 detectors on the sky. Building on
experience gained with the ACTPol detector arrays, AdvACT will utilize various
new technologies, including 150mm detector wafers equipped with multichroic
pixels, allowing for a more densely packed focal plane. Each set of detectors
includes a feedhorn array of stacked silicon wafers which form a spline profile
leading to each pixel. This is then followed by a waveguide interface plate,
detector wafer, back short cavity plate, and backshort cap. Each array is
housed in a custom designed structure manufactured from high purity copper and
then gold plated. In addition to the detector array assembly, the array package
also encloses cryogenic readout electronics. We present the full mechanical
design of the AdvACT high frequency (HF) detector array package along with a
detailed look at the detector array stack assemblies. This experiment will also
make use of extensive hardware and software previously developed for ACT, which
will be modified to incorporate the new AdvACT instruments. Therefore, we
discuss the integration of all AdvACT arrays with pre-existing ACTPol
infrastructure.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation
conference proceeding
Effect of Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in Morbidly Obese Adolescents
We examined the effect of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) on weight loss, inflammatory markers, and components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MeS) in morbidly obese adolescents and determined if those with MeS lose less weight post-LAGB than those without. Data from 14–18 yr adolescents were obtained at baseline, 6 and 12 months following LAGB. Significant weight loss and improvements in MeS components were observed 6 months and one year following LAGB. The incidence of MeS declined 56.8% after 6 months and 69.6% after 12 months. There was no significant difference in amount of weight lost post-LAGB between those with and without MeS at either timepoint. Correlations between change in weight parameters and components of MeS in those with and without MeS at baseline were examined and found to vary by diagnostic category. LAGB is effective for short-term improvement in weight, inflammatory markers, and components of MeS in morbidly obese adolescents
Simons Observatory: Broadband Metamaterial Anti-Reflection Cuttings for Large Aperture Alumina Optics
We present the design, fabrication, and measured performance of metamaterial
Anti-Reflection Cuttings (ARCs) for large-format alumina filters operating over
more than an octave of bandwidth to be deployed on the Simons Observatory (SO).
The ARC consists of sub-wavelength features diced into the optic's surface
using a custom dicing saw with near-micron accuracy. The designs achieve
percent-level control over reflections at angles of incidence up to 20.
The ARCs were demonstrated on four 42 cm diameter filters covering the 75-170
GHz band and a 50 mm diameter prototype covering the 200-300 GHz band. The
reflection and transmission of these samples were measured using a broadband
coherent source that covers frequencies from 20 GHz to 1.2 THz. These
measurements demonstrate percent-level control over reflectance across the
targeted pass-bands and a rapid reduction in transmission as the wavelength
approaches the length scale of the metamaterial structure where scattering
dominates the optical response. The latter behavior enables the use of the
metamaterial ARC as a scattering filter in this limit.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Applied Optic
Design of 280 GHz feedhorn-coupled TES arrays for the balloon-borne polarimeter SPIDER
We describe 280 GHz bolometric detector arrays that instrument the
balloon-borne polarimeter SPIDER. A primary science goal of SPIDER is to
measure the large-scale B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background
in search of the cosmic-inflation, gravitational-wave signature. 280 GHz
channels aid this science goal by constraining the level of B-mode
contamination from galactic dust emission. We present the focal plane unit
design, which consists of a 1616 array of conical, corrugated feedhorns
coupled to a monolithic detector array fabricated on a 150 mm diameter silicon
wafer. Detector arrays are capable of polarimetric sensing via waveguide
probe-coupling to a multiplexed array of transition-edge-sensor (TES)
bolometers. The SPIDER receiver has three focal plane units at 280 GHz, which
in total contains 765 spatial pixels and 1,530 polarization sensitive
bolometers. By fabrication and measurement of single feedhorns, we demonstrate
14.7 FHWM Gaussian-shaped beams with 1% ellipticity in a 30%
fractional bandwidth centered at 280 GHz. We present electromagnetic
simulations of the detection circuit, which show 94% band-averaged,
single-polarization coupling efficiency, 3% reflection and 3% radiative loss.
Lastly, we demonstrate a low thermal conductance bolometer, which is
well-described by a simple TES model and exhibits an electrical noise
equivalent power (NEP) = 2.6 10 W/,
consistent with the phonon noise prediction.Comment: Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 201
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