MOBILITY REDUCTION OF CO2 USING CO2 SOLUBLE SURFACTANTS

Addition of slightly CO2-soluble, brine-soluble, surfactants to high pressure CO2 for EOR may facilitate in-situ generation of CO2-in-brine foams for mobility control. These non-ionic surfactants have been demonstrated to dissolve in CO2 to concentrations of 0.1wt% at reservoir conditions and stabilize CO2-in-brine foams in a high pressure windowed cell. One such surfactant is Huntsman SURFONIC® N, a branched nonylphenol ethoxylates with averages of 12 (N-120) or 15(N-150) ethylene oxide repeat units in the hydrophile. SURFONIC® N-120 was selected for mobility reduction studies involving flow of CO2 into brine-saturated porous media. Transient mobility measurements were conducted using a water-wet Berea core (104mD), water-wet Bentheimer sandstone core (~1500mD), and several SACROC carbonate cores (3.6 and 8.9mD). The CO2 was injected into brine-saturated cores at superficial velocity of 10 ft/day, and surfactant was either not used (control), dissolved only in brine at 0.07wt%, dissolved only in CO2 at ~0.07wt%, or dissolved in brine and CO2 at 0.07wt%. In general, in-situ foam generation in relatively high permeability sandstone was evidenced during the first few pore volumes of CO2 injected by pressure drops that were 2-3 times greater than control tests regardless of what phase CO2 was in. Mobility reduction was more modest (20–50% increases in pressure drop) in lower permeability SACROC cores (3.6 and 8.9mD) when surfactant was dissolved in CO2. With surfactant dissolved in brine, pressure drops increased by a factor of 2–3 when CO2 was injected into an 8.9mD core. High pressure CT imaging of in-situ foam generation was conducted by injecting high pressure CO2 into 5wt% KI-brine-saturated Berea sandstone (3-8mD). Tests with no surfactant (control), or with surfactant dissolved either brine or CO2 at ~0.07wt%. At lower superficial velocities (0.47ft/day), in-siti foam generation was obvious only when surfactant was dissolved in brine. Higher flow rates (4.7ft/day) preferential flow of CO2 through high permeability layers and viscous fingering within layers that occurred during control tests was suppressed by addition of surfactant to either CO2 or brine. The most distinct CO2 foam front occurred with surfactant dissolved in brine

Traces on the skein algebra of the torus

For a surface $F$, the Kauffman bracket skein module of $F \times [0,1]$, denoted $K(F)$, admits a natural multiplication which makes it an algebra. When specialized at a complex number $t$, nonzero and not a root of unity, we have $K_t(F)$, a vector space over $\mathbb{C}$. In this paper, we will use the product-to-sum formula of Frohman and Gelca to show that the vector space $K_t(T^2)$ has five distinct traces. One trace, the Yang-Mills measure, is obtained by picking off the coefficient of the empty skein. The other four traces on $K_t(T^2)$ correspond to each of the four $\mathbb{Z}_2$ homology classes of the torus.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

"Rousseau, Amour-Propre, and Intellectual Celebrity"

With the publication of the First Discourse, Rousseau initiated a famous debate over the social value of the arts and sciences. As this debate developed, however, it transformed into a question of the value of the intellectuals as a social class and touched upon questions of identity formation. While the philosophes were lobbying to become a new cultural aristocracy, Rousseau believed the ideological glorification of intellectual talent demeaned the peasants and working classes. This essay argues that amour propre, as put forth in the Second Discourse, was in part designed to address this concern and is an attempt to highlight the dangers of making talent the measure of a human

Reflections on Teaching over a Decade in a Christian Institution of Higher Education

After many years in public education followed by 10 years of preparing teachers in a faith-based institution, this essay shares insights into what it means to cultivate and maintain a Christian ethic of care, toward self and others. This story of God’s faithfulness in my life is reflected outward through multiple lenses of care

Children’s Mental Health Task 11 FY 2006: Family-Directed Structural Therapy Training Project

Family-Directed Structural Therapy (FDST) is a family-based helping modality that is designed to be utilized with a variety of family and relationship issues. There is a corresponding FDST assessment tool, which is completed by adult family members, allowing them to rate themselves on five relationship issues (commitment, empowerment, control of self, credibility, and consistency), roles, and external stressors. Using these scores and a framework of interaction that offers suggestions regarding ways to bring about positive change, service providers guide families to identify areas of concerns and strengths upon which to build. A conceptual article describing FDST can be found in the October 2005 issue of The Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Family-Directed Structural Therapy has been developed over the last twenty years and has been utilized in a traditional clinical setting, as well as in a therapeutic wilderness family camp. With funding through Kansas Social and Rehabilitation Services - Division of Health Care Policy, KU School of Social Welfare completed an evaluation of FDST as utilized in this family camp. Building on the success of this project, a FDST training project began in two Kansas Community Mental Health Centers in July 2005. Finally, in July 2006, a corresponding project commenced which collects outcome measures from families with whom trained service providers have utilized FDST.This report was completed under the Title XIX Children’s Mental Health Contract between Kansas Social Rehabilitation Services and The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare

Children’s Mental Health Task 11 FY 2007: Family-Directed Structural Therapy Training

Family-Directed Structural Therapy (FDST) is a family-based helping modality that is designed to be utilized with a variety of family and relationship issues. There is a corresponding FDST assessment tool, which is completed by adult family members, allowing them to rate themselves on five relationship issues (commitment, empowerment, control of self, credibility, and consistency), roles, and external stressors. Using these scores and a framework of interaction that offers suggestions regarding ways to bring about positive change, service providers guide families to identify areas of concerns and strengths upon which to build. A conceptual article describing FDST can be found in the October 2005 issue of The Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Family-Directed Structural Therapy has been developed over the last twenty years and has been utilized in a traditional clinical setting, as well as in a therapeutic wilderness family camp. With funding through Kansas Social and Rehabilitation Services - Division of Health Care Policy, KU School of Social Welfare completed an evaluation of FDST as utilized in this family camp. Building on the success of this project, a FDST training project began in two Kansas Community Mental Health Centers in July 2005. Finally, in July 2006, a corresponding project commenced which collects outcome measures from families with whom trained service providers have utilized FDST.This report was completed under the Title XIX Children’s Mental Health Contract between Kansas Social Rehabilitation Services and The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare

The Millennial Investor: Mutual Funds versus Exchange Traded Funds

This research paper seeks to understand the Millennial investor. The distinct purpose of this research is to determine if Millennials in the U.S., specifically those ages 25 to 35, prefer investing in exchange traded funds to mutual funds. Additionally, this research seeks to discern if these Millennials prefer investing online to working with a personal financial advisor. Secondary research was utilized extensively to compile a review of existing literature on the topics of the Millennial generation, mutual funds, exchange traded funds, personal financial brokers, and online investing sites. Primary research was completed through a questionnaire survey to gather new data on these same topics. The data of the survey shows that Millennials, ages 25 to 35, prefer mutual funds as an investment mode over exchange traded funds. Additionally, Millennials favor placing investment trades on an online investing site over using the services of a personal financial advisor. The findings in this research paper are particularly vital for the financial industry in understanding and capturing the business of the Millennial generation

Children’s Mental Health Task 11 FY ‘08: Family-Directed Structural Therapy Training and Evaluation Project

Family-Directed Structural Therapy (FDST) is a family-based helping modality that is designed to be utilized with a variety of family and relationship issues. There is a corresponding FDST assessment tool, which is completed by adult family members, allowing them to rate themselves on five relationship issues (commitment, empowerment, control of self, credibility, and consistency), roles, and external stressors. Using these scores and a framework of interaction that offers suggestions regarding ways to bring about positive change, service providers guide families to identify areas of concerns and strengths upon which to build. A conceptual article describing FDST can be found in the October 2005 issue of The Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Family-Directed Structural Therapy has been developed over the last twenty years and has been utilized in a traditional clinical setting, as well as in a therapeutic wilderness family camp. With funding through Kansas Social and Rehabilitation Services - Division of Health Care Policy, KU School of Social Welfare completed an evaluation of FDST as utilized in this family camp. Building on the success of this project, a FDST training project began in two Kansas Community Mental Health Centers in July 2005. Finally, in July 2006, a corresponding project commenced which collects outcome measures from families with whom trained service providers have utilized FDST