Polarized Proton Collider at RHIC

In addition to heavy ion collisions (RHIC Design Manual, Brookhaven National Laboratory), RHIC will also collide intense beams of polarized protons (I. Alekseev, et al., Design Manual Polarized Proton Collider at RHIC, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1998 [2]), reaching transverse energies where the protons scatter as beams of polarized quarks and gluons. The study of high energy polarized protons beams has been a long term part of the program at BNL with the development of polarized beams in the Booster and AGS rings for fixed target experiments. We have extended this capability to the RHIC machine. In this paper we describe the design and methods for achieving collisions of both longitudinal and transverse polarized protons in RHIC at energies up to roots = 500 GeV. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V

The Transition Year Programme in Ireland. Embracing and resisting a curriculum innovation

The Transition Year (TY) Programme is an optional, one-year, stand-alone, full-time programme offered in 75% of second-level schools in the Republic of Ireland. Aimed at those in the 15-16 age group, TY has a strong focus on personal and social development and on education for active citizenship.The implementation of TY in schools is seen as a case study in curriculum innovation. Evidence from the programme’s history and development, from studies of attitudes to TY in six schools and among policy shapers suggests ambiguous views among stakeholders towards the programme. Enthusiasm for aspects of the innovation is accompanied by resistance to its more challenging features. Schools’ responses to the programme is examined from a range of perspectives