5,314 research outputs found
Wetting and bonding characteristics of selected liquid-metals with a high power diode laser treated alumina bioceramic
Changes in the wettability characteristics of an alumina bioceramic occasioned by high power diode laser (HPDL) surface treatment were apparent from the observed reduction in the contact angle. Such changes were due to the HPDL bringing about reductions the surface roughness, increases in the surface O2 content and increases in the polar component of the surface energy. Additionally, HPDL treatment of the alumina bioceramic surface was found to effect an improvement in the bonding characteristics by increasing the work of adhesion. An electronic approach was used to elucidate the bonding characteristics of the alumina bioceramic before and after HPDL treatment. It is postulated that HPDL induced changes to the alumina bioceramic produced a surface with a reduced bandgap energy which consequently increased the work of adhesion by increasing the electron transfer at the metal/oxide interface and thus the metal-oxide interactions. Furthermore, it is suggested that the increase in the work of adhesion of the alumina bioceramic after HPDL treatment was due to a correlation existing between the wettability and ionicity of the alumina bioceramic; for it is believed that the HPDL treated surface is less ionic in nature than the untreated surface and therefore exhibits better wettability characteristics
Solar neutrinos: global analysis with day and night spectra from SNO
We perform global analysis of the solar neutrino data including the day and
night spectra of events at SNO. In the context of two active neutrino mixing,
the best fit of the data is provided by the LMA MSW solution with Delta m^2 =
6.15 10^{-5} eV^2, tan^2\theta = 0.41, f_B = 1.05, where f_B is the boron
neutrino flux in units of the corresponding flux in the Standard Solar Model
(SSM). At 3 sigma level we find the following upper bounds: tan^2\theta < 0.84
and Delta m^2 < 3.6 10^{-4} eV^2. From 1 sigma-interval we expect the day-night
asymmetries of the charged current and electron scattering events to be:
A_{DN}^{CC} = 3.9 +3.6-2.9 and A_{DN}^{ES} = 2.1 +2.1-1.4. The only other
solution which appears at 3 sigma-level is the VAC solution with Delta m^2 =
4.5 10^{-10} eV^2, tan^2\theta = 2.1 and f_B=0.75. The best fit point in the
LOW region, with Delta m^2 = 0.93 10^{-7} eV^2 and tan^2\theta = 0.64, is
accepted at 99.95% (3.5 sigma) C.L. . The least chi^2 point from the SMA
solution region, with Delta m^2 = 4.6 10^{-6} eV^2 and tan^2\theta = 5 10^{-4},
could be accepted at 5.5 sigma-level only. In the three neutrino context the
influence of theta_{13} is studied. We find that with increase of theta_{13}
the LMA best fit point shifts to larger Delta m^2, mixing angle is practically
unchanged, and the quality of the fit becomes worse. The fits of LOW and SMA
slightly improve. Predictions for KamLAND experiment (total rates, spectrum
distortion) have been calculated.Comment: Typos corrected, reference adde
Runx1 orchestrates sphingolipid metabolism and glucocorticoid resistance in lymphomagenesis
The three-membered RUNX gene family includes RUNX1, a major mutational target in human leukemias, and displays hallmarks of both tumour suppressors and oncogenes. In mouse models the Runx genes appear to act as conditional oncogenes, as ectopic expression is growth suppressive in normal cells but drives lymphoma development potently when combined with over-expressed Myc or loss of p53. Clues to underlying mechanisms emerged previously from murine fibroblasts where ectopic expression of any of the Runx genes promotes survival through direct and indirect regulation of key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism associated with a shift in the ‘sphingolipid rheostat’ from ceramide to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Testing of this relationship in lymphoma cells was therefore a high priority. We find that ectopic expression of Runx1 in lymphoma cells consistently perturbs the sphingolipid rheostat, while an essential physiological role for Runx1 is revealed by reduced S1P levels in normal spleen after partial Cre-mediated excision. Furthermore we show that ectopic Runx1 expression confers increased resistance of lymphoma cells to glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis, and elucidate the mechanism of cross-talk between glucocorticoid and sphingolipid metabolism through Sgpp1. Dexamethasone potently induces expression of Sgpp1 in T-lymphoma cells and drives cell death which is reduced by partial knockdown of Sgpp1 with shRNA or direct transcriptional repression of Sgpp1 by ectopic Runx1. Together these data show that Runx1 plays a role in regulating the sphingolipid rheostat in normal development and that perturbation of this cell fate regulator contributes to Runx-driven lymphomagenesis
Determining the in-plane Fermi surface topology in underdoped high Tc superconductors using angle-dependent magnetic quantum oscillations
We propose a quantum oscillation experiment by which the rotation of an
underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x sample about two different axes with respect to the
orientation of the magnetic field can be used to infer the shape of the
in-plane cross-section of corrugated Fermi surface cylinder(s). Deep
corrugations in the Fermi surface are expected to give rise to nodes in the
quantum oscillation amplitude that depend on the magnitude and orientation of
the magnetic induction B. Because the symmetry of electron and hole cyclinders
within the Brillouin zone are expected to be very different, the topology can
provide essential clues as to the broken symmetry responsible for the observed
oscillations
Absolute electron and positron fluxes from PAMELA/Fermi and Dark Matter
We extract the positron and electron fluxes in the energy range 10 - 100 GeV
by combining the recent data from PAMELA and Fermi LAT. The {\it absolute
positron and electron} fluxes thus obtained are found to obey the power laws:
and respectively, which can be confirmed by the
upcoming data from PAMELA. The positron flux appears to indicate an excess at
energies E\gsim 50 GeV even if the uncertainty in the secondary positron flux
is added to the Galactic positron background. This leaves enough motivation for
considering new physics, such as annihilation or decay of dark matter, as the
origin of positron excess in the cosmic rays.Comment: Accepted by JCA
Zeroing In On the Top Quark, LSP and Scalar Higgs Masses
We estimate the top quark, lightest sparticle (LSP) and scalar higgs masses
within a supersymmetric grand unified framework in which and the electroweak symmetry is radiatively broken. The requirement
that the calculated quark mass lie close to its measured value, together
with the cosmological constraint , fixes the top quark
mass to be . The LSP (of bino purity
has mass . In the scalar
higgs sector the CP-odd scalar mass . With
, as suggested by the decay , we find and .Comment: 14 pages in plain LaTeX, BA-93-25, PRL-TH-93/
Correlations of Solar Neutrino Observables for SNO
Neutrino oscillation scenarios predict correlations, and zones of avoidance,
among measurable quantities such as spectral energy distortions, total fluxes,
time dependences, and flavor content. The comparison of observed and predicted
correlations will enhance the diagnostic power of solar neutrino experiments. A
general test of all presently-allowed (two neutrino) oscillation solutions is
that future measurements must yield values outside the predicted zones of
avoidance. To illustrate the discriminatory power of the simultaneous analysis
of multiple observables, we map currently allowed regions of neutrino masses
and mixing angles onto planes of quantities measurable with the Sudbury
Neutrino Observatory (SNO). We calculate the correlations that are predicted by
vacuum and MSW (active and sterile) neutrino oscillation solutions that are
globally consistent with all available neutrino data. We derive approximate
analytic expressions for the dependence of individual observables and specific
correlations upon neutrino oscillations parameters. We also discuss the
prospects for identifying the correct oscillation solution using multiple SNO
observables.Comment: Accepted Phys Rev D. Included new figure. Related material
http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jn
Unparticle Searches Through Compton Scattering
We investigate the effects of unparticles on Compton scattering, e gamma -> e
gamma based on a future e^+e^- linear collider such as the CLIC. For different
polarization configurations, we calculate the lower limits of the unparticle
energy scale Lambda_U for a discovery reach at the center of mass energies
sqrt(s)=0.5 TeV- 3 TeV. It is shown that, especially, for smaller values of the
mass dimension d, (1 <d <1.3), and for high energies and luminosities of the
collider these bounds are very significant. As a stringent limit, we find
Lambda_U>80 TeV for d<1.3 at sqrt(s)=3 TeV, and 1 ab^(-1) integrated luminosity
per year, which is comparable with the limits calculated from other low and
high energy physics implications.Comment: Table 1 and 2 have been combined as Table 1, references updated,
minor typos have been correcte
Dynamical Dark Energy or Simply Cosmic Curvature?
We show that the assumption of a flat universe induces critically large
errors in reconstructing the dark energy equation of state at z>~0.9 even if
the true cosmic curvature is very small, O(1%) or less. The spuriously
reconstructed w(z) shows a range of unusual behaviour, including crossing of
the phantom divide and mimicking of standard tracking quintessence models. For
1% curvature and LCDM, the error in w grows rapidly above z~0.9 reaching
(50%,100%) by redshifts of (2.5,2.9) respectively, due to the long cosmological
lever arm. Interestingly, the w(z) reconstructed from distance data and Hubble
rate measurements have opposite trends due to the asymmetric influence of the
curved geodesics. These results show that including curvature as a free
parameter is imperative in any future analyses attempting to pin down the
dynamics of dark energy, especially at moderate or high redshifts.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in JCA
Reducing Constraints in a Higher Dimensional Extension of the Randall and Sundrum Model
In order to investigate the phenomenological implications of warped spaces in
more than five dimensions, we consider a dimensional extension to
the Randall and Sundrum model in which the space is warped with respect to a
single direction by the presence of an anisotropic bulk cosmological constant.
The Einstein equations are solved, giving rise to a range of possible spaces in
which the additional spaces are warped. Here we consider models in
which the gauge fields are free to propagate into such spaces. After carrying
out the Kaluza Klein (KK) decomposition of such fields it is found that the KK
mass spectrum changes significantly depending on how the additional
dimensions are warped. We proceed to compute the lower bound on the KK mass
scale from electroweak observables for models with a bulk
gauge symmetry and models with a bulk gauge
symmetry. It is found that in both cases the most favourable bounds are
approximately TeV, corresponding to a mass of the first gauge
boson excitation of about 4-6 TeV. Hence additional warped dimensions offer a
new way of reducing the constraints on the KK scale.Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures, v3: Additional comments in sections 1, 2 and 4.
New appendix added. Five additional figures. References adde
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