FORMS OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE IMPACTS OF CHANGING OWNERSHIP

Land Economics/Use,

MARKET SHARE, CAPACITY UTILIZATION, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, AND TRADABLE QUOTAS

This paper examines the impact of the introduction of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) on catch, market share, and capacity utilization of firms in the Mid Atlantic Surf Clam and Ocean Quahog (SCOQ) Fishery. Via the production function framework, catch and market share regression models are utilized in examining the effects of operator size, vessel age, and alternative product catch variables on industrial structure and how such effects changed after ITQs were introduced. Results indicate that in both fisheries, the ITQ system enhanced the value of each vessel by allowing vessel owners to apply greater effort to fewer boats, thus reducing excess capacity in the fishery. Results also indicate an overall resource conservation effect of ITQ introduction in the surf clam fishery. These results suggest that in the presence of ITQs, overall efficiency was enhanced in the SCOQ fishery.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Labor and the Labor Process in a Limited Entry Fishery

We examine aspects of labor in the harvesting sector of the surf clam/ocean quahog industry of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States in the context of limited entry. Vessel owners are both diversifying and cutting back on labor costs through crew consolidation in response to difficulties in the sea clam industry. A survey of crew-members on job satisfaction reveals more about the preferences and experiences of labor. We make predictions about the fate of labor under a new management regime based on individual transferable quotas. The analysis is intended to bring the interests of crew-members into the decision-making process and to improve the basis for predicting how future regulatory measures may affect crewing.fishery management, labor, crewing, Atlantic sea clams, limited entry, social impact, Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

National Standard Eight and processing labor : an assessment of processors in the Mid-Atlantic region

In this report, we provide a broad overview of the processing sector in the Mid-Atlantic region, which we defined as those firms engaged in processing and conducting business in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. Delaware also is in the region, but the data on processing activities in Delaware were inadequate, and thus, processing activities in Delaware were not included in this study. The objective of this study was to obtain information about processing labor dependency on fisheries subject to federal fishery management plans (FMPs); assess how changes in fishery regulations might affect labor; determine product levels and sources of raw materials required for processing fish and shellfish products; assess the distribution of sales by geographic region and market level; determine the level of employment and types of jobs in processing; assess the distribution of labor by gender, job or occupation, race, and national origin; determine the dependency of processing plants on H2B workers; assess how other types of regulations (e.g., land-use policies, environmental, and OSHA) may have affected processing activities; and assess the potential future plans of processors

Coping with Environmental Change Systemic Responses and the Roles of Property and Community in Three Fisheries

Abstract We compare how fisheries in three marine systems -from Atlantic Canada, Pacific Mexico, and the eastern United States -respond to significant environmental changes, whether deviation-amplifying or deviation-mitigating. We ask what triggers changes that can avert fisheries collapse and how this is affected by intersections of governance and environment. We conclude by affirming the importance of both exclusive, secure property rights, and community-oriented decision-making power in tipping the balance towards more adaptive ways of responding to environmental change