Compatible finite element methods for numerical weather prediction

This article takes the form of a tutorial on the use of a particular class of mixed finite element methods, which can be thought of as the finite element extension of the C-grid staggered finite difference method. The class is often referred to as compatible finite elements, mimetic finite elements, discrete differential forms or finite element exterior calculus. We provide an elementary introduction in the case of the one-dimensional wave equation, before summarising recent results in applications to the rotating shallow water equations on the sphere, before taking an outlook towards applications in three-dimensional compressible dynamical cores.Comment: To appear in ECMWF Seminar proceedings 201

Disclosure of Specific Types of Ideas: Misappropriation

Normal procedure in attempting sale of a valuable idea is for the claimant to offer his idea for sale to the recipient who usually will refuse to buy it until disclosure. Then, after disclosure, the recipient may or may not promise to pay for the idea if he uses it. In either case, the recipient may use the idea later, perhaps in a modified form, and refuse to compensate the claimant

Experience with an Entrepreneurship Minor for Engineering Students

In 1996 WPI developed an interdisciplinary minor in entrepreneurship aimed at engineering and science majors. This presentation will explain how that came about and how it has morphed over time in content and structure while remaining focused (and becoming more so) on its target audience. Despite its relative longevity the minor has met with limited success. The reasons behind that will be discussed as they are instructive for other schools planning such a program. Also discussed will be how all this has spawned other initiatives that have broadened the reach of the entrepreneurship program

Disclosure of Specific Types of Ideas: Misappropriation

Normal procedure in attempting sale of a valuable idea is for the claimant to offer his idea for sale to the recipient who usually will refuse to buy it until disclosure. Then, after disclosure, the recipient may or may not promise to pay for the idea if he uses it. In either case, the recipient may use the idea later, perhaps in a modified form, and refuse to compensate the claimant

Subcellular localization of NEDD9 and HMB45 with AQUA technology to distinguish Spitz nevi from melanoma

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF NEDD9 AND HMB45 WITH AQUA TECHNOLOGY TO DISTINGUISH SPITZ NEVI FROM MELANOMA. Matthew C. McRae, Rossitza Lasova, Bonnie Gould-Rothberg, David Rimm (Sponsored by Deepak Narayan). Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Our hypothesis is that the expression level and subcellular localization of HMB45 and NEDD9 as demonstrated by the ln(nuclear/non-nuclear) Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) score, defined as the subcellular AQUA ratio, will be consistently altered between benign nevi and melanoma and between Spitz nevi and Spitzoid melanoma. Our specific aims are to assess quantitative expression and subcellular localization of HMB45 and NEDD9 to aid in the diagnosis of benign Spitz nevi and malignant Spitzoid melanoma. This remains a vexing clinical problem with important implications for treatment and patient care. The quantitative expression and subcellular AQUA ratio will be assessed in the following samples: benign derived versus malignant derived cell lines, human benign nevi, human primary melanoma, human metastatic melanoma, typical Spitz nevi, atypical Spitz nevi and Spitzoid melanoma. AQUA was used to quantify protein expression levels in subcellular compartments using fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry. Tissue Microarrays (TMA) analysis was used for cell line, benign nevi and malignant melanoma while whole section analysis was used for Spitz nevi and Spitzoid melanoma. NEDD9 subcellular AQUA ratio was significantly reduced in primary melanoma (mean=-0.645, std dev=0.29) versus benign nevi (mean = -0.429, std dev=0.108) on YTMA98-2 (p=0.0086), significantly reduced in melanoma metastases (mean=-0.482, std dev=0.149) versus benign nevi (mean= -0.342, std dev=0.159) on YTMA66A (p\u3c0.0001), and significantly reduced in primary melanoma (mean= -0.435, std. dev.=0.185) and melanoma metastases (mean= -0.42, std. dev.= 0.188) versus benign nevi (mean= -0.319, std. dev.= 0.141) in SPORE84 array (p=0.0003, Tukey/Kramer post-hoc significance p\u3c0.05). HMB45 subcellular AQUA ratio was significantly reduced in primary melanoma (mean=-0.463, std. dev.=0.264) versus benign nevi (mean=-0.159, std. dev.=0.158) on YTMA 98-2 array (p=0.0001). On whole section analysis, the HMB45 and NEDD9 subcellular AQUA ratio shared a similar distribution between Spitz nevi, atypical Spitz nevi and Spitzoid melanoma. Subcellular localization using the subcellular AQUA ratio of HMB45 and NEDD9 defines benign nevi from melanoma on TMA but is not useful in discriminating between benign Spitz nevi and melanoma with Spitzoid features. The maximum HMB45 AQUA score in the tumor mask in a single 20X high-powered field of a whole tissue section was deemed promising on discovery analysis at differentiating between Spitz nevi and melanoma with Spitzoid features (p=0.007, receiver operating characteristic area under curve 0.711) but requires validation on an independent cohort

Giant Electron-hole Charging Energy Asymmetry in Ultra-short Carbon Nanotubes

Making full usage of bipolar transport in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistors could permit the development of two-in-one quantum devices with ultra-short channels. We report on clean $\sim$10 to 100 nm long suspended SWCNT transistors which display a large electron-hole transport asymmetry. The devices consist of naked SWCNT channels contacted with sections of SWCNT-under-annealed-gold. The annealed gold acts as an n-doping top gate which creates nm-sharp barriers at the junctions between the contacts and naked channel. These tunnel barriers define a single quantum dot (QD) whose charging energies to add an electron or a hole are vastly different ($e-h$ charging energy asymmetry). We parameterize the $e-h$ transport asymmetry by the ratio of the hole and electron charging energies $\eta_{e-h}$. We show that this asymmetry is maximized for short channels and small band gap SWCNTs. In a small band gap SWCNT device, we demonstrate the fabrication of a two-in-one quantum device acting as a QD for holes, and a much longer quantum bus for electrons. In a 14 nm long channel, $\eta_{e-h}$ reaches up to 2.6 for a device with a band gap of 270 meV. This strong $e-h$ transport asymmetry survives even at room temperature

Letter from Thomas C. McRae to R[obert] U[nderwood] Johnson, 1893 Nov 1.

FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS.THOMAS C. MCRAE, Ark., Chairman.Darius D. Hare, Ohio. John Davta, Kans.Thomas F. Magnet, N. Y. John F. Lacey, Iowa.George F. Kribbs, Pa. Irving P. Wanger, Pa.Oaee M. Hall, Minn. John W. Moon, Mich.William T. Crawford, N. C. George D. Melklejohn, Nebr.Walter Greeham, Tex. Wiiliam B. Ellis, Oregon.Peter J. Somen, Wis. Marcus A. Smith, Ariz.Asbury C. Latimer, S. C.Samuel T. White, Clerk.E. B. Hursey, Meeeenger.Committee on the Public Lands,House of Representatives U. S.,Washington, D. C.,--,[illegible]November I, 1893.R. U. Johnson, Esq.,New York City.My Dear Sir:-Yours of yesterday has been received. I regret that I failed to see you and Mr. Muir when you were here, but I am glad to know that you are so deeply interested in protecting and preserving our forests, for I know that you and the friends you suggest can be of great help in the iffort we have commenced. I would be glad to have in writing any suggestions Professor Sargent may think proper to make upon the importance of preserving our timber, and the dangers of a timber famine. The pending bill has been reported to the House and is not now before the Committee, but I am sure the Committee would be glad to hoar him generally upon this important question at any time it will suit him to be present, I think it important to press this bill to a passage as soon as possible, and thus secure a good foundation upon which we may [illegible] engraft some comprehensive plan for the instruction of our people in forestry. The little discussion that was had in the House on the 10th. and 12th. ultimo,06399 FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS.THOMAS C. MCRAE, Ark., Chairman.Darius D. Hare, Ohio. John Davia, Kans.Thomas F. Magner, N. Y. John F. Lacey, Iowa.George F. Kribbs, Pa. Irving P. Wanger, Pa.Osee M. Hall, Minn. John W. Moon, Mich.William T. Crawford, N. C. George D. Meiklejohn, Nebr.Walter Greaham, Tex. William R. Ellis, Oregon,Peter J. Somen, Wis. Marcus A. Smith, Ariz.Asbury C. Latimer, S.C.Samuel T. white, Clerk.E.B. Hursey, Messenger.Committee on the Public Lands,House of Representatives U. S.,Washington, D. C.,--,[illegible]cannot be of much value in measuring the importance of the bill, as we were limited to only one hour on each of those days. I did not expect the opposition that was provoked, and really thought there would be no serious objection to it. It is not likely that the bill will be called up again until the regular session.Very respectfully yours,[illegible]0639