Effects of Various Split Developmental Photophases and Constant Light During 24 Hour Period on Adult Morphology in \u3ci\u3eEuschistus Tristigmus Tristigmus\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Rearing immatures of Euschistus tristigmus tristigmus in a range of split photophases during each 24 h period and in constant light showed that the adult dimorphic response in shoulder shape and number of midventral spots could be produced; individuals reared in photoperiods in which each scotopnase was at least 2 h in length developed into the tristigmus (short-day) form

Effects of Continuous and Split Developmental Photophases During Each 24 Hour Period on Adult Color and Pubescence in \u3ci\u3eThyanta Calceata\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Rearing immatures of Thyanta calceata in SL: 16D, SL:4D:8L:4D, and 16L:8D photo- periods showed that the length of each photophase, rather than an accumulation of shorter photophases, during each 24 h period wa, the determining factor in producing adult di- morphism in color and pubescence

Ontogeny of the Tibial Spur in \u3ci\u3eMegamelus Davisi\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and its Bearing on Delphacid Classification

The forms of the nymphal tibial spur in Megamelus davisi Van Duzee, and their relation to Muir\u27s classification of delphacid subfamilies and tribes, are discussed

Descriptions of Nymphal Instars of \u3ci\u3eThyanta Calceata\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

The external anatomy of each of the five nymphal instars of Thyanta calceata is de- scribed

Notes on the Biology of \u3ci\u3eNersia Florens\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) with Descriptions of Eggs, and First, Second, and Fifth Instars

Information on food plants and laboratory rearing of Nersia florens Stal is provided, and the eggs and Ist, 2nd, and 5th instars are described

Descriptions of Nymphal Instars of \u3ci\u3eAbedus Breviceps\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae)

The 1st-5th instars of Abedus breviceps Still, collected from a Texas population, are described and illustrated. They can be separated most easily by overall body length and width, and by the length of the mesonotal wing pads

Effects of Various Split Developmental Photophases and Constant Light During Each 24 Hour Period on Adult Morphology in \u3ci\u3eThyanta Calceata\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Rearing immatures of Thyanta calceata in a range of split photophases during each 24 h period and in constant light showed that the adult dimorphic response in color and pu- bescence could be produced; individuals reared in photoperiods in which each scotophase was at least 2 h in length generally developed into the fall/spring morph

The Northern Navajo Frontier 1860-1900

The Navajo nation is one of the most frequently researched groups of Indians in North America. Anthropologists, sociologists, historians, and others have taken turns explaining their views of Navajo history and culture. A recurrent theme throughout is that the U.S. government defeated the Navajos so soundly during the early 1860s that after their return from incarceration at Bosque Redondo, they were a badly shattered and submissive people. The next thirty years saw a marked demographic boom during which the Navajo population doubled. Historians disagree as to the extent of this growth, but the position taken by many historians is that because of this growth and the rapidly expanding herds of sheep, cattle, and horses, the government beneficently gave more territory to its suffering wards. While this interpretation is partly accurate, it centers on the role of the government, the legislation that was passed, and the frustrations of the Indian agents who rotated frequently through the Navajo Agency in Fort Defiance, New Mexico, and ignores or severely limits one of the most important actors in this process of land acquisition-the Navajos themselves. Instead of being a downtrodden group of prisoners, defeated militarily in the 1860s and dependent on the U.S. government for protection and guidance in the 1870s and 80s, they were vigorously involved in defending and expanding the borders of their homelands. This was accomplished not through war and as a concerted effort, but by an aggressive defensive policy built on individual action that varied with changing circumstances. Many Navajos never made the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo. Instead they eluded capture in northern and western hinterlands and thereby pushed out their frontier. This book focuses on the events and activities in one part of the Navajo borderlands-the northern frontier-where between 1860 and 1900 the Navajos were able to secure a large portion of land that is still part of the reservation. This expansion was achieved during a period when most Native Americans were losing their lands.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs/1053/thumbnail.jp

Fred Ain\u27t Dead: The Impact of the Life and Legacy of Fred Hampton

This research examines the life and legacy of Fred Hampton, Sr. Hampton was an African-American born in Chicago, in 1948. At the age of twenty-one, he was killed, by a joint operation between the Chicago Police Department (CPD) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Beyond his assassination, and his involvement with the Black Panthers, Hampton transcended the lines of race and other socially constructed lines, and positively influenced many groups. His impact continued after his death, and therefore he should be remembered and studied as an important figure in the Civil Rights Era. I contend that he had the potential to become a major factor in national race relations and should be studied, remembered, and honored, along with many of the other leaders of the era

The Effect of the Annual Training Cycle on Aerobic Capacity in Division I Female Soccer Players

Purpose: To assess the effect of variable training stress throughout the annual training cycle on aerobic capacity (AC) in female soccer players. Methods: Eleven Division l female soccer players (Mean ± SD: 19.3 ± 1.0 yrs; 164 ± 6.4 cm; 60.1 ± 5.4 kg; 19.44 ± 3.5 %BF, 48.3 ± 4.0 kg FFM, 43.3 ± 3.3 ml/kg/min VO2max) were tested across the annual training cycle at six specific time points (B1-B6): post-season 2016 (B1), transition (detraining) (B2), spring-season (B3), pre-season (B4), mid-season (B5), and post-season 2017 (B6). Prior to exercise for each testing block, subjects arrived at the lab where height, weight, and body density (3-site skinfold method) were measured. Body fat was then estimated by using the Brozek equation. After a 5min self-selected warmup on the treadmill, subjects completed an incremental treadmill test to measure VO2max. VO2 values were collected each minute of the tests by using a 15sec average to assess AC. A 2x6 repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze AC and fat free mass (FFM) changes across te annual training calendar (B1-B6). The LSD post hoc analysis was used if significant differences were found. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed a significant main effect of time on AC and FFM (F1,5 2513.1, p = 0.001), with an observed power of 1.0. Pairwise comparisons showed a significant increase (Δ +16.3%, p \u3c 0.01) in AC along with increased FFM (Δ +2.4%, p = 0.027) between B1-B3 following the 2016 competitive season (B1). However, AC decreased (Δ -7.0%, p = 0.021) without a significant change in FFM from B3 prior to the competitive season (B4). Aerobic capacity and FFM remained unchanged across the 2017 competitive season (B4-B6) despite the reduced AC from B3. CONCLUSION: Following the 2016 competitive season (B1), AC increased (p \u3c 0.05) indicating the reduced training load over the transition period (B2) increased AC without a change in FFM. Aerobic capacity and FFM increased significantly after the spring season training (B2-B3) where concurrent style training was largely incorporated. Aerobic capacity declined up to 7.04% over the summer training period (B3-B4) when NCAA rules limit athlete-coach communication. Aerobic capacity and FFM went unchanged (p \u3e 0.05) across the 2017 competitive season (B4-B6) despite the 2.03% reduction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As AC was shown to fluctuate throughout the annual training, it is recommended to monitory frequently assess physiological status. In Division I female soccer players, implementing a transition period after heavy training stresses could potentially positively influence AC. Additionally, concurrent training can have positive benefits to AC and FFM if appropriate rest is provided. Testing can ensure adequate rest and programmed training stress, where players will be able to maintain peak physiological fitness and therefore maintain a competitive advantage across the annual training cycle