13,016 research outputs found
The ASCA spectrum of the z=4.72 blazar, GB 1428+4217
The X-ray luminous quasar GB 1428+4217 at redshift 4.72 has been observed
with ASCA. The observed 0.5-10 keV flux is 3.2E-12 erg/s/cm2. We report here on
the intrinsic 4-57 keV X-ray spectrum, which is very flat (photon index of
1.29). We find no evidence for flux variability within the ASCA dataset or
between it and ROSAT data. We show that the overall spectral energy
distribution of GB 1428+4217 is similar to that of lower redshift MeV blazars
and present models which fit the available data. The Doppler beaming factor is
likely to be at least 8. We speculate on the number density of such high
redshift blazars, which must contain rapidly-formed massive black holes.Comment: 5 pages, 3 Postscript figures, to appear in MNRA
CENP-A Is Dispensable for Mitotic Centromere Function after Initial Centromere/Kinetochore Assembly
Human centromeres are defined by chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A assembled onto repetitive alphoid DNA sequences. By inducing rapid, complete degradation of endogenous CENP-A, we now demonstrate that once the first steps of centromere assembly have been completed in G1/S, continued CENP-A binding is not required for maintaining kinetochore attachment to centromeres or for centromere function in the next mitosis. Degradation of CENP-A prior to kinetochore assembly is found to block deposition of CENP-C and CENP-N, but not CENP-T, thereby producing defective kinetochores and failure of chromosome segregation. Without the continuing presence of CENP-A, CENP-B binding to alphoid DNA sequences becomes essential to preserve anchoring of CENP-C and the kinetochore to each centromere. Thus, there is a reciprocal interdependency of CENP-A chromatin and the underlying repetitive centromere DNA sequences bound by CENP-B in the maintenance of human chromosome segregation
The Power Spectrum of the PSC Redshift Survey
We measure the redshift-space power spectrum P(k) for the recently completed
IRAS Point Source Catalogue (PSC) redshift survey, which contains 14500
galaxies over 84% of the sky with 60 micron flux >= 0.6 Jansky. Comparison with
simulations shows that our estimated errors on P(k) are realistic, and that
systematic errors due to the finite survey volume are small for wavenumbers k
>~ 0.03 h Mpc^-1. At large scales our power spectrum is intermediate between
those of the earlier QDOT and 1.2 Jansky surveys, but with considerably smaller
error bars; it falls slightly more steeply to smaller scales. We have fitted
families of CDM-like models using the Peacock-Dodds formula for non-linear
evolution; the results are somewhat sensitive to the assumed small-scale
velocity dispersion \sigma_V. Assuming a realistic \sigma_V \approx 300 km/s
yields a shape parameter \Gamma ~ 0.25 and normalisation b \sigma_8 ~ 0.75; if
\sigma_V is as high as 600 km/s then \Gamma = 0.5 is only marginally excluded.
There is little evidence for any `preferred scale' in the power spectrum or
non-Gaussian behaviour in the distribution of large-scale power.Comment: Latex, uses mn.sty, 14 pages including 11 Postscript figures.
Accepted by MNRA
Conformational Dependence of a Protein Kinase Phosphate Transfer Reaction
Atomic motions and energetics for a phosphate transfer reaction catalyzed by
the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are calculated by plane-wave density
functional theory, starting from structures of proteins crystallized in both
the reactant conformation (RC) and the transition-state conformation (TC). In
the TC, we calculate that the reactants and products are nearly isoenergetic
with a 0.2 eV barrier; while phosphate transfer is unfavorable by over 1.2 eV
in the RC, with an even higher barrier. With the protein in the TC, the motions
involved in reaction are small, with only P and the catalytic proton
moving more than 0.5 \AA. Examination of the structures reveals that in the RC
the active site cleft is not completely closed and there is insufficient space
for the phosphorylated serine residue in the product state. Together, these
observations imply that the phosphate transfer reaction occurs rapidly and
reversibly in a particular conformation of the protein, and that the reaction
can be gated by changes of a few tenths of an \AA in the catalytic site.Comment: revtex4, 7 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to Scienc
PMN J0525-3343: soft X-ray spectral flattening in a blazar at z=4.4
We report optical, radio and X-ray observations of a new distant blazar, PMN
J0525-3343, at a redshift of 4.4. The X-ray spectrum measured from ASCA and
BeppoSAX flattens below a few keV, in a manner similar to the spectra of two
other z>4 blazars, GB 1428+4217 (z=4.72) reported by Boller et al and RXJ
1028.6-0844 (z=4.28) by Yuan et al. The spectrum is well fitted by a power-law
continuum which is either absorbed or breaks at a few keV. An intrinsic column
density corresponding to 2 x 10^23 H-atoms cm-2 at solar abundance is required
by the absorption model. This is however a million times greater than the
neutral hydrogen, or dust, column density implied by the optical spectrum,
which covers the rest-frame UV emission of the blazar nucleus. We discuss the
problems raised and suggest that, unless there is intrinsic flattening in the
spectral distribution of the particles/seed photons producing X-rays via
inverse Compton scattering, the most plausible solution is a warm absorber
close to the active nucleus.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures; MNRAS, in pres
Revealing Cosmic Rotation
Cosmological Birefringence (CB), a rotation of the polarization plane of
radiation coming to us from distant astrophysical sources, may reveal parity
violation in either the electromagnetic or gravitational sectors of the
fundamental interactions in nature. Until only recently this phenomenon could
be probed with only radio observations or observations at UV wavelengths.
Recently, there is a substantial effort to constrain such non-standard models
using observations of the rotation of the polarization plane of cosmic
microwave background (CMB) radiation. This can be done via measurements of the
-modes of the CMB or by measuring its TB and EB correlations which vanish in
the standard model. In this paper we show that correlations-based
estimator is the best for upcoming polarization experiments. The based
estimator surpasses other estimators because it has the smallest noise and of
all the estimators is least affected by systematics. Current polarimeters are
optimized for the detection of -mode polarization from either primordial
gravitational waves or by large scale structure via gravitational lensing. In
the paper we also study optimization of CMB experiments for the detection of
cosmological birefringence, in the presence of instrumental systematics, which
by themselves are capable of producing correlations; potentially mimicking
CB.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Large-scale structure in a new deep IRAS galaxy redshift survey
We present here the first results from two recently completed, fully sampled redshift surveys comprising 3703 IRAS Faint Source Survey (FSS) galaxies. An unbiased counts-in-cells analysis finds a clustering strength in broad agreement with other recent redshift surveys and at odds with the standard cold dark matter model. We combine our data with those from the QDOT and 1.2 Jy surveys, producing a single estimate of the IRAS galaxy clustering strength. We compare the data with the power spectrum derived from a mixed dark matter universe. Direct comparison of the clustering strength seen in the IRAS samples with that seen in the APM-Stromlo survey suggests b_O/b_I=1.20+/-0.05 assuming a linear, scale independent biasing. We also perform a cell by cell comparison of our FSS-z sample with galaxies from the first CfA slice, testing the viability of a linear-biasing scheme linking the two. We are able to rule out models in which the FSS-z galaxies identically trace the CfA galaxies on scales 5-20h^{-1}Mpc. On scales of 5 and 10h^{-1}Mpc no linear-biasing model can be found relating the two samples. We argue that this result is expected since the CfA sample includes more elliptical galaxies which have different clustering properties from spirals. On scales of 20h^{-1}Mpc no linear-biasing model with b_O/b_I < 1.70 is acceptable. When comparing the FSS-z galaxies to the CfA spirals, however, the two populations trace the same structures within our uncertaintie
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