Knee Design: Implications for Creation .vs. Evolution

This paper traces important features In human knee design that allows the unique function of plantigrade bipedalism (walking two legged on the soles of the feet). Concepts of biomechanlcal importance related to human gait and the problem of knee flexion contracture are discussed. Alleged hominid ancestors would have had to overcome a flexed knee stance to become efficient bipeds. Knees discovered In the fossil record, however, are fully functional. Joint replacement research has carefully followed a reproduction of the original design for a most unique Joint - the human knee

Decision‐support networks of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138904/1/cncr30848_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138904/2/cncr30848.pd

Key Lessons Learned from Moffitt's Molecular Tumor Board: The Clinical Genomics Action Committee Experience

The increasing practicality of genomic sequencing technology has led to its incorporation into routine clinical practice. Successful identification and targeting of driver genomic alterations that provide proliferative and survival advantages to tumor cells have led to approval and ongoing development of several targeted cancer therapies. Within many major cancer centers, molecular tumor boards are constituted to shepherd precision medicine into clinical practice

Primary care provider–reported involvement in breast cancer treatment decisions

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149227/1/cncr31998.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149227/2/cncr31998_am.pd

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Sport Concussion

To provide athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care professionals with best-practice guidelines for the management of sport-related concussions

Knowledge, Attitude, and Concussion-Reporting Behaviors Among High School Athletes: A Preliminary Study

Many athletes continue to participate in practices and games while experiencing concussion-related symptoms, potentially predisposing them to subsequent and more complicated brain injuries. Limited evidence exists about factors that may influence concussion-reporting behaviors

Evaluating treatments in health care: The instability of a one-legged stool

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Both scientists and the public routinely refer to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as being the 'gold standard' of scientific evidence. Although there is no question that placebo-controlled RCTs play a significant role in the evaluation of new pharmaceutical treatments, especially when it is important to rule out placebo effects, they have many inherent limitations which constrain their ability to inform medical decision making. The purpose of this paper is to raise questions about <it>over-reliance </it>on RCTs and to point out an additional perspective for evaluating healthcare evidence, as embodied in the Hill criteria. The arguments presented here are generally relevant to all areas of health care, though mental health applications provide the primary context for this essay.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This article first traces the history of RCTs, and then evaluates five of their major limitations: they often lack external validity, they have the potential for increasing health risk in the general population, they are no less likely to overestimate treatment effects than many other methods, they make a relatively weak contribution to clinical practice, and they are excessively expensive (leading to several additional vulnerabilities in the quality of evidence produced). Next, the nine Hill criteria are presented and discussed as a richer approach to the evaluation of health care treatments. Reliance on these multi-faceted criteria requires more analytical thinking than simply examining RCT data, but will also enhance confidence in the evaluation of novel treatments.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Excessive reliance on RCTs tends to stifle funding of other types of research, and publication of other forms of evidence. We call upon our research and clinical colleagues to consider additional methods of evaluating data, such as the Hill criteria. Over-reliance on RCTs is similar to resting all of health care evidence on a one-legged stool.</p

Exploration of CYP450 and drug transporter genotypes and correlations with nevirapine exposure in Malawians

Genetic polymorphisms have the potential to influence drug metabolism and vary among ethnic groups. This study evaluated the correlation of genetic polymorphisms with nevirapine pharmacokinetics exposure in Malawians

UBVRI Light Curves of 44 Type Ia Supernovae

We present UBVRI photometry of 44 type-Ia supernovae (SN Ia) observed from 1997 to 2001 as part of a continuing monitoring campaign at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The data set comprises 2190 observations and is the largest homogeneously observed and reduced sample of SN Ia to date, nearly doubling the number of well-observed, nearby SN Ia with published multicolor CCD light curves. The large sample of U-band photometry is a unique addition, with important connections to SN Ia observed at high redshift. The decline rate of SN Ia U-band light curves correlates well with the decline rate in other bands, as does the U-B color at maximum light. However, the U-band peak magnitudes show an increased dispersion relative to other bands even after accounting for extinction and decline rate, amounting to an additional ~40% intrinsic scatter compared to B-band.Comment: 84 authors, 71 pages, 51 tables, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. Version with high-res figures and electronic data at http://astron.berkeley.edu/~saurabh/cfa2snIa

Statements of Agreement From the Targeted Evaluation and Active Management (TEAM) Approaches to Treating Concussion Meeting Held in Pittsburgh, October 15-16, 2015

Conventional management for concussion involves prescribed rest and progressive return to activity. Recent evidence challenges this notion and suggests that active approaches may be effective for some patients. Previous concussion consensus statements provide limited guidance regarding active treatment