An axiomatization of the Euclidean compromise solution

The utopia point of a multicriteria optimization problem is the vector that specifies for each criterion the most favourable among the feasible values. The Euclidean compromise solution in multicriteria optimization is a solution concept that assigns to a feasible set the alternative with minimal Euclidean distance to the utopia point. The purpose of this paper is to provide a characterization of the Euclidean compromise solution. Consistency plays a crucial role in our approach.Consistency; Euclidean compromise solution; Multicriteria optimization

The History, Status and Management of Muskoxen on Banks Island

Historical and archaeological records suggest that muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) were once abundant on Banks Island. They declined around the turn of the 20th century and remained at very low population levels until the 1970s. The causes of the scarcity of muskoxen are unknown, but severe freezing rains and subsequent forage unavailability likely played a role. Aerial surveys documented an increase in the estimated population size from 3800 in 1972 to 34,225 in 1989. The rapid increase in muskox numbers has been a source of concern to the local users, who view the muskoxen as detrimental to the caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi), which have declined in number. Since the mid-1980s, productivity of 3-year-old muskox cows and calf survival have decreased and the prevalence of parasites has increased. Our data do not allow us to distinguish between whether those changes are density-dependent population responses or the effects of the severity of winter weather. Current management focuses on monitoring the trend of population size, the condition and reproduction of the muskoxen.Key words: muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, Banks Island, numbers, harvest, weather, population regulationMots clés: boeuf musqué, Ovibos moschatus, île de Banks, nombres, récolte, temps, contrôe de la populatio

Rethinking Global Citizenship Resources For New Teachers: Promoting Critical Thinking and Equity

Global citizenship education, or education aiming to develop students' knowledge with transnational challenges, has become increasingly recognized as an important field internationally, requiring a particular set of pedagogical understandings and tools to facilitate its learning. Traditionally, global citizenship education resources have been developed by non-governmental organizations to aid teachers in classroom presentations and to profile issues of concern to their constituencies. Understandably, some of these resources require revision to correspond with students’ grade levels, learning styles, subject-based disciplines, and broad issues of equity. Accordingly, we have developed a guide for teacher education candidates and novice teachers based on a collaborative inquiry model that we have called a "Primer” in order to assess the compatibility, equity and adaptability of classroom-ready global citizenship education materials. Our aims were to understand how pre-service candidates made use of the Primer as a means to integrate global citizenship education topics into the regular curriculum. Based on our research that was informed by a mixed-method methodology consisting of focus groups, journal reporting, and survey data, we document teacher education candidates' experiences with the Primer. Our research of how teacher candidates make use of the Primer offers evidence that the teacher candidates' desire and ability to teach global citizenship themes through classroom-ready resources has been facilitated by utilizing the Primer

Carbohydrate metabolism in the human fetal and new-born tissue, with special reference to glycogen

Glycogen has been extracted from human fetal livers ranging in age from 13 to 26 weeks. The average chain lengths have been determined by a-amylolysis and periodate oxidation and the average exterior chain lengths by B-amylolysis. The structures of liver glycogens from baboon, mouse, rabbit and several mature humans have also been determined. The absorption spectra of someglycogen-iodine complexes have been recorded and also glycogen values have been determined by the reaction with concanavalin A. The development of glycogen in the human fetal liver is discussed in relation to other mammalian species. The activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase), phosphoglucomutase (D-glucose-1,6-diphosphate: D-glucose-l-phosphate phosphotransferase), and phosphoglucoisomerase (D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol isomerase) in the human fetus have been studied. The liver glycogens from four cases of suspected glycogen storage disease have been isolated and the structures determined as previously described. An electrophoretic and chromatographic study has been made of sugars in the urine of another case, where the patient lacked several intestinal enzymes.The action of glucamylase and a commercial amyloglucosidase preparation ("Diazyme") on glycogen has been examined. The glucamylase and B -amylase limit dextrins of glycogen have been isolated and their average chain lengths determined.<p

Building an Education Program to Support the Demand for Qualified Health I.T. Professionals

The rapid adoption of standardized electronic medical records in clinical settings has created a demand for individuals with expertise in clinical health practices and Information Technology. High demand, high wage job opportunities are available for individuals entering the field with these interdisciplinary skills. Faculty members from the Applied Computing & Electronics and Health Professions Departments at UM have partnered with clinicians from regional health facilities and faculty members from the Department of Healthcare Informatics at Montana Tech in designing a cross-curricular program for educating individuals to support IT in clinical settings. This poster session will describe our progress in creating a new program of study and describe our successes and challenges at UM in educating individuals for careers in Health Information Technology

Behavior change techniques incorporated in fitness trackers: content analysis

Background: The use of fitness trackers as tools of self-management to promote physical activity is increasing. However, the content of fitness trackers remains unexplored. Objective: The aim of this study was to use the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) to examine if swim-proof fitness trackers below Aus $150 (US$ 105) incorporate behavior change techniques (BCTs) that relate to self-management strategies to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior and to determine if content of the fitness trackers correspond to physical activity guidelines. Methods: A total of two raters used the BCTTv1 to code 6 fitness trackers that met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were the ability to track activity, be swim proof, be compatible with Android and Apple operating systems, and cost below Aus $150. Results: All fitness trackers contained BCTs known to promote physical activity, with the most frequently used BCTs overlapping with self-management strategies, including goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback on behavior. Fitbit Flex 2 (Fitbit Inc) contained the most BCTs at 20. Huawei Band 2 Pro (Huawei Technologies) and Misfit Shine 2 (Fossil Group) contained the least BCTs at 11. Conclusions: Fitness trackers contain evidence-based BCTs that overlap with self-management strategies, which have been shown to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior. Fitness trackers offer the prospect for physical activity interventions that are cost-effective and easily accessed by a wide population

Masculinity, reading and the school library : smoothing the abrasive rub

During the 1990s, governments and the education profession noticed that boys were lagging behind girls academically. Reading, or the lack or it was pinpointed as a major cause and it was observed in an Auckland high school library that significantly more books were issued to girls than boys over a six month period in 2004. The purpose of this study was to achieve a deeper understanding of how a purposefully selected sample of school librarians has successfully encouraged boys to read. A qualitative approach was employed using two methods of data collection: a questionnaire to gather largely statistical data and in-depth interviews to gather data about participants' experiences, knowledge and opinions. The study found that school librarians use a variety of strategies to promote reading to boys. A school library needs to be well stocked with a wide range of current, appealing, reading materials as boys are discerning, hybrid readers. Knowing the students and the library collection was central to matching boys with books and the library needs to be more than a book repository. It is concluded that Ranganathan's 'Five laws of library science' are still applicable today in the school library and school librarians need to be a professional, visible and approachable presence in the school

Learning experiences of inner city early childhood development managers who participated in an ECD forum: a social work perspective

Early childhood development is one of the critical services to support the development of young children from conception to age six. Children raised in vulnerable inner cities, with limited access to quality, well-resourced ECD services, are at risk of perpetuating cycles of disadvantage and exclusion. Even though ECD centres exist in abundance in the inner city of Durban, eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, managers of ECD centres face challenges such as meeting rigorous registration norms and standards, a lack of finances, resources, trained staff and socio-economic factors which affect the wellbeing of children. Using a qualitative approach, this study communicates the role played by the Inner City ECD Forum in the learning experiences of seven ECD managers through their participation in inter-sectoral stakeholder interventions and capacity building trainings. It further outlines the benefits of networking and collective support. Based on the findings, recommendations for practice, policy and further research are made.School of Social SciencesM.A. (Social Work