The Emergence of Group Potency and Its Implications for Team Effectiveness

Much of the previous research on the emergence of team-level constructs has overlooked their inherently dynamic nature by relying on static, cross-sectional approaches. Although theoretical arguments regarding emergent states have underscored the importance of considering time, minimal work has examined the dynamics of emergent states. In the present research, we address this limitation by investigating the dynamic nature of group potency, a crucial emergent state, over time. Theory around the “better-than-average” effect (i.e., an individual’s tendency to think he/she is better than the average person) suggests that individuals may have elevated expectations of their group’s early potency, but may decrease over time as team members interact gain a more realistic perspective of their group’s potential. In addition, as members gain experience with each other, they will develop a shared understanding of their team’s attributes. The current study used latent growth and consensus emergence modeling to examine how potency changes over time, and its relation with team effectiveness. Further, in accordance with the input-process-output framework, we investigated how group potency mediated the relations between team-level compositions of conscientiousness and extraversion and team effectiveness. We collected data at three time points throughout an engineering design course from 337 first-year engineering students that comprised 77 project teams. Results indicated that group potency decreased over time in a linear trend, and that group consensus increased over time. We also found that teams’ initial potency was a significant predictor of team effectiveness, but that change in potency was not related to team effectiveness. Finally, we found that the indirect effect linking conscientiousness to effectiveness, through initial potency, was supported. Overall, the current study offers a unique understanding of the emergence of group potency, and facilitate a number theoretical and practical implications, which are discussed

Development of an observational measure of therapy engagement for pediatric rehabilitation

Purpose: The Pediatric Rehabilitation Intervention Measure of Engagement-Observation (PRIME-O) version was designed to capture signs of affective, cognitive and behavioral involvement for clients and service providers and in the client-provider interaction. Methods: Phase 1 examined interrater consensus and construct validity of a pilot version, using observer ratings of engagement indicators made while viewing videos of therapy sessions differing in high and low engagement (Sample 1). Phase 2 examined these properties in a 10-item version (Samples 2 and 3). Phase 3 examined the content validity of the 10-item version, using observed signs of child, youth and parent engagement, as reported in an interview study involving 10 service providers. Results: There was excellent interrater consensus for both versions and ratings significantly discriminated between videos differing in high and low engagement, providing evidence for construct validity. Content validity was demonstrated by service provider reports of engagement signs. More behavioral signs were reported for children and more cognitive signs were reported for youth and parents, providing evidence for the developmental appropriateness of the PRIME-O. Conclusions: The PRIME-O provides a multifaceted view of affective, cognitive and behavioral components of engagement in pediatric rehabilitation. The PRIME-O has potential utility for research, clinical practice and continuing education.Implications for RehabilitationMeasures of engagement in therapy are needed to identify factors associated with successful therapy sessions and positive client outcomes.The PRIME-O is an observational measure that captures indicators of affective, cognitive and behavioral components of engagement for both clients and service providers.The PRIME-O may further help in understanding of the strategies service providers can use to facilitate an optimal state of engagement within a therapy session.Clinical practice may be enhanced by attending to the client’s signals of engagement in therapy.The PRIME-O can help service providers to more accurately identify signs of engagement and disengagement, monitor their own success in creating an engaging intervention atmosphere, and instigate strategies to optimize engagement

Supplemental Material, Logit_calculator-McLarnon_and_O_Neill - Extensions of Auxiliary Variable Approaches for the Investigation of Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Effects in Mixture Models

<p>Supplemental Material, Logit_calculator-McLarnon_and_O_Neill for Extensions of Auxiliary Variable Approaches for the Investigation of Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Effects in Mixture Models by Alexandre J. S. Morin, Aleksandra Bujacz, Marylène Gagné, Matthew J. W. McLarnon, and Thomas A. O’Neill in Organizational Research Methods</p

Supplemental Material, Online_supplemental_material_-_McLarnon_and_O_Neill - Extensions of Auxiliary Variable Approaches for the Investigation of Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Effects in Mixture Models

<p>Supplemental Material, Online_supplemental_material_-_McLarnon_and_O_Neill for Extensions of Auxiliary Variable Approaches for the Investigation of Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Effects in Mixture Models by Alexandre J. S. Morin, Aleksandra Bujacz, Marylène Gagné, Matthew J. W. McLarnon, and Thomas A. O’Neill in Organizational Research Methods</p

The complexities and synergies of engagement: an ethnographic study of engagement in outpatient pediatric rehabilitation sessions

Purpose: To investigate client (youth/caregiver) and service provider engagement in outpatient pediatric rehabilitation therapy sessions. Methods: In an ethnographic study, five research assistants attended 28 outpatient sessions, mostly delivered by occupational, physical, and speech-language therapists, and rated signs of client, provider, and relational engagement using the Pediatric Rehabilitation Intervention Measure of Engagement–Observation version. Post-session interviews were conducted individually with 13 youth, 15 caregivers, and 26 providers. Results: Overall, there was a moderate to great extent of engagement. Provider engagement was rated as higher than client engagement, particularly in sessions with activities focusing on body structure/function. The interviews indicated associations among engagement-related constructs: (a) expectations influenced engagement/disengagement and therapy progress, (b) engagement was associated with positive affect and relationships, and (c) engagement was strongly associated with relationships and collaboration. Conclusions: Engagement is a central process within a complex system of psychosocial constructs operating in therapy. Engagement is emergent, synergistic, and change-inducing–it emanates from, involves, and influences multiple aspects of therapy. Notably, engagement ties two pivotal elements–positive expectations and positive affect–to positive relationships, collaboration, and therapy progress. Implications for practice include an understanding of how providers manage the therapeutic context and work to foster engagement.Implications for rehabilitation Engagement, and its various elements, plays a central role in shaping how clients, parents, and clinicians value therapeutic encounters. Optimal therapy is often thought to include engagement, relationships, and collaboration; the importance of therapy expectations, positive affect, and perceptions of progress are frequently overlooked. Engagement and motivation may be maximized when youth and caregivers are asked explicitly about how they view their engagement in therapy. In addition to clarifying and aligning expectations with youth and caregivers, service providers can enhance engagement and motivation by intentionally creating enjoyable and meaningful interactions, developing relationships, negotiating consensus on goals and plans, and demonstrating therapy progress. Service providers can harness engagement and the system of related constructs by listening and communicating effectively, by entering the world of the client and family, and by being aware of, anticipating, and responding to engagement and disengagement