Women, Work and Childbearing: Ontario in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

Anglophone Canada, Ontario especially, was in the forefront of the world fertility decline. The limitation of childbearing within marriage was underway by the middle of the nineteenth century or shortly thereafter in parts of Canada. Among most European populations at this time, the growth of population was restrained largely by postponement of marriage. This paper explores the speculation that Ontarians may have turned early to reduced marital fertility because of the weakness of economic and social support for extended spinsterhood. Evidence on fertility decline and reduced nuptiality in the 1851 to 1891 period is reviewed. It is shown that paid employment outside the home was very limited in relation to the number of adult single women potentially available. It is argued, further, than in relative terms there were diminished demands on women for work within the household as well. Marriage, and a household of one's own, was the preferred state, but that brought exposure to childbearing. The unappealing features of extended spinsterhood may have contributed to a relatively early acceptance by anglophone Canadians of the idea of limiting the fertility of marriage. Le Canada anglais, et particulièrement l’Ontario, a été l’un des chefs de file du déclin mondial de la fécondité. La réduction du nombre d’enfants dans les familles était déjà commencée au milieu du 19e siècle ou peu après dans certaines régions du Canada alors qu’à la même époque, à l’intérieur de la plupart des populations européennes, l’accroissement de la population était surtout limité par le retard de l’âge au mariage. Cet article soulève l’hypothèse que les Ontariens peuvent avoir adopté rapidement la limitation des naissances dans la famille conjugale en raison de la faiblesse du support économique et social dont jouissaient les femmes célibataires. Le déclin de la fécondité et la réduction de la nuptialité entre 1851 et 1891 est réexaminé. Il est démontré que le travail rémunéré à l’extérieur de la maison était très limité en regard du nombre de femmes célibataires disponibles; en termes relatifs, le travail domestique était également en diminution. Le mariage et la consitution d’un foyer constituait donc le statut privilégié pour les femmes bien que comportant le risque d’avoir des enfants. Les problèmes posés par la condition de femme célibataire peuvent ainsi avoir contribué, pour les Canadiens anglais, à une acceptation relativement rapide de l’idée de limiter les naissances à l’intérieur des familles

Age, Education and Occupation Differentials in Interregional Migration: Some Evidence for Canada

This paper reports an endeavour to bring together two strands of research on the migration of population within countries. The identification and measurement of differentials in migration among population groups of varying characteristics has received considerable attention from demographers. The issue that the author explores in this paper is the extent to which differential rates of migration by age, education and occupation classes are related to variations in the response of specific groups to the economic gains obtainable through migration.

Process Information Systems: A Synthesis of Two Independent Approaches

The development of process information systems to support analysis of energy (or mineral) resource development strategies has been a continuing concern within IIASA's WELMM (Water, Energy Land, Materials and Manpower) Project since 1977, The resulting process information system, the Facility Data Base, has demonstrated its viability in a number of application studies, both in-house and outside IIASA. Motivated by its experience in socio-economic resource modeling, the Structural Analysis Division at Statistics Canada has initiated a feasibility study on a data base of industrial process descriptions (completed in 1981): the Process Encyclopedia. The independent development and the joint interest in process information systems has led to collaboration between the Structural Analysis Division of Statistics Canada and the Energy and Resources Task of the Resources and Environment Area of IIASA. This paper (also published by Statistics Canada: Working Paper No. 81-12-01) documents the first results of this collaboration: a synthesis of the conclusions which led to the development of the two systems; of their main features and of the lessons learned from their design and implementation. The conceptual mapping developed between the Facility Data Base and the Process Encyclopedia and documented as an Appendix of this paper provides a basis for future exchange of information between the two systems and should be seen as a first step in promoting interdisciplinary and international process information exchange and system building

Telegrams to International Fathers Day Association, June 1935

Telegram to International Fathers Day Association, c/o Sonora Dodd and Isabella Room, from R. B. White, President of Western Union Telegraph Company. Telegram to International Fathers Day Association, c/o Isabella Room, from Carolyn Neal McInnis, President of the Wsahington Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/fathers-day-correspondence/1042/thumbnail.jp

Strengthening the Connections Between Library Instruction and Student Success

This poster will share the results from a three-year study that investigated correlations between student participation in library instruction and student academic achievement. Using rigorous research practice and acknowledging ethical concerns by use of an in-depth student consent process, the researchers will share their findings regarding the relationships that exist between student participation in library instruction and completion of course for which instruction was attended and the relationships between student participation in library instruction and their grade in course. Additionally, the researchers will share the unexpected, but interesting finding related to student withdrawal rates. Finally, the researchers will include information about their informed consent process, which was used as an opportunity to educate students about the data that the University collects about them, and how this influenced student decisions to participate in the study

Elementary School Principals as Leaders of Inclusion for Students With Exceptionalities

Inclusion promotes equality, provides opportunities, breaks down barriers, and ensures accessibility for all members of a community. Consequently, elementary-school administrators should become inclusion leaders who introduce and maintain inclusive learning environments. This qualitative study profiled and discussed practices and beliefs of 4 elementary school principals in southern Ontario who are recognized leaders of inclusion for students with exceptionalities. The researcher used multiple instruments for triangulation, thematic qualitative data analysis (constant comparative method) of interview responses and reflective field notes, and data from the Principal and Inclusion Survey to interpret qualitative findings. Findings revealed distinct leadership profiles reflective of empathy and compassion among participants who all regard accommodation of students with exceptionalities as a moral obligation and view inclusion as a socially just pedagogical framework. The researcher recommends that senior school board administrators screen and secure principals who value inclusion to create and maintain school cultures that ensure students’ access to inclusive education

Combination Therapy with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Other Antidepressants or Stimulants: Strategies for the Management of Treatment‐Resistant Depression

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111275/1/phar1576.pd

Gause's exclusion principle revisited: artificial modified species and competition

Gause's principle of competition between two species is studied when one of them is sterile. We study the condition for total extinction in the niche, namely, when the sterile population exterminates the native one by an optimal use of resources. A mathematical Lotka-Volterra non linear model of interaction between a native and sterile species is proposed. The condition for total extinction is related to the initial number $M_{o}$ of sterile individuals released in the niche. In fact, the existence of a critical sterile-population value $M_{c}$ is conjectured from numerical analysis and an analytical estimation is found. When spatial diffusion (migration) is considered a critical size territory is found and, for small territory, total extinction exist in any case. This work is motived by the extermination agriculture problem of fruit flies in our region.Comment: 11 pages. Published in Jour.Phys.A Math.Gen. 33, 4877 (2000