Shakespeare Under Arrest: the Construction and Idea of the Constable in Loves Labour\u27s Lost, Much Ado About Nothing and Measure for Measure

Shakespeare Under Arrest: The Construction and Idea of the Constable in Love Labour\u27s Lost, Much Ado About Nothing, and Measure for Measure \u27 examines the comedic constables, Dull, Dogberry and Elbow respectively. The constables are constructed from the historical frame work that formed and informed their office. In order to properly construct the comedic constables that appear in these comedies. William Shakespeare had to have a historical frame in order to place them in the proper historical framework before his Elizabethan audiences. This work uses such sources as T.A. Critchley\u27s, A History of Police in England and Wales and Joan R. Kent\u27s work, The English Village Cons/able 1580-1642 among others, to discuss the historical foundation of the Elizabethan Constable who appears and reappears throughout these plays. This work also discusses the office of constable through William Shakespeare\u27s personal history, one that includes a discussion of his family and especially his father John, who was a parish constable. There is also a discussion of the historically known encounters of William Shakespeare and the civil law enforcers of this own time and how those encounters may have formed and informed his characters, Dull, Dogberry and Elbow. Finally, this work discusses the comedic constables through the plays themselves: Loves Labour\u27s Lost, Much Ado About Noting and Measure for Measure and how Shakespeare\u27s characters represent and reflect of the actual Elizabethan office of the parish constable

Tsunami Scour and Forces at Onshore Structures

Tsunami induced scour at onshore coastal structures can cause exposure of the foundations and lead to failure. This paper presents experimental observations of a 147 s crest-led wave inundation, causing scouring and loading on 0.2 m wide square and 0.4 m wide rectangular onshore structures. At 1:50 Froude scale these equate to a 17.3 min inundation at 10 and 20 m wide structures. Scour development is measured using GoPro cameras situated inside the Perspex structures. The hydrostatic load is calculated from the integration of pressure readings along the front face of the structures, and the hydrodynamic loading is estimated from the approach flow velocity, as measured by a Vectrino II profiler. The results show that the maximum scour depth occurs during the inundation before significant slumping decreases the end scour depth. Both the in-test and final scour depths for the 0.4 m structure are greater, due to the larger blockage causing greater acceleration of the flow around the structure. For both structures, the hydrostatic loading is dominant over hydrodynamic load

Experimental study of the runup of tsunami waves on a smooth sloping beach

A series of large-scale laboratory flume experiments are performed using a pneumatic long-wave generator to simulate tsunami-length trough-led waves. The periods generated are from approximately 6.5 – 37, 40, 72 and 230 s. The runup of these waves is measured on a 1:20 sloping beach. Preliminary results from these tests are presented. The reflections of long waves is discussed. Runup of the 230 s waves is found to be lower than the waves with periods of less than 72 s and previously published data in the literature. Plots of various wave parameters against runup show the strongest positive correlations to be with the crest amplitude and the total potential energy for all wave periods presented. The shorter period data shows a reasonably good fit to available runup relationships, with the longer 40, 72 and 230 s waves showing a poorer fit, suggesting another relationship. Outlines of extensive further work is also given

Large-Scale Experiments On Tsunami Inundation And Overtopping Forces At Vertical Sea Walls

Tsunami are very long gravity waves that may cause significant damage to coastal sea walls. The majority of relevant design codes and research papers that describe methods for predicting tsunami loads on coastal walls consider the scenario of transitory force from a bore-led wave. This does not relate to tsunami that do not form bore waves. Bore fronts generally cause short term spikes in force, which may have little effect on the vulnerability of massive structures. Post disaster accounts suggest that most coastal walls show damage that implies failure modes that occur over moderate to long durations. Therefore it is likely that the bore front assumption gives an overly conservative prediction of maximum force, and may not capture the full timescale of tsunami loading. This paper uses a pneumatic tsunami generation facility to determine the force loading on two vertical coastal sea walls during tsunami inundation. Two sea-wall models, 0.15 and 0.25 m high, with crown widths of 0.1 m (7.5 and 12.5 m at a nominal prototype scale of 1:50) are tested. It is shown that bore fronts only occur for short period waves over the bathymetry tested. Bore fronts cause a very short period spike in force, which is followed by a transitory force approximated by the hydrostatic pressure equation. The loading of tsunami length waves of periods $\geq$ 40 s (280 s prototype at 1:50 scale), which do not break is not greater than 1.2 times the hydrostatic force. Overtopping volume is positively correlated to the time duration of positive upstream head over the crest, rather than its maximum value. Overtopping causes a small increase in the horizontal load due to the addition of a drag and momentum load. The magnitude and time of these effects are small and short-lived in comparison to the hydrostatic load. The results compare well with available equations based on hydrostatic force and the engineer may apply a desired multiplying coefficient of a factor of at least 1.2 to account for any added pressure and momentum, and the factor of safety intended

Relations Among Correlation Functions in the High Temperature Phase of QCD with Broken SU(3)

Group-theoretic arguments are used to determine the dependence of two-point correlators of quark bilinears on the current quark masses. The leading difference between $\pi$ and $\delta$ correlators is found to be of order $m_s$ times a U(1)$_{\scriptscriptstyle A}$-violating correlator. These general arguments are consistent with Schaefer's observation that if U(1)$_{\scriptscriptstyle A}$ violation persists to high enough temperatures then the strange $\eta$ can be lighter than the non-strange one.Comment: 8 page

Schubert calculus of Richardson varieties stable under spherical Levi subgroups

We observe that the expansion in the basis of Schubert cycles for $H^*(G/B)$ of the class of a Richardson variety stable under a spherical Levi subgroup is described by a theorem of Brion. Using this observation, along with a combinatorial model of the poset of certain symmetric subgroup orbit closures, we give positive combinatorial descriptions of certain Schubert structure constants on the full flag variety in type $A$. Namely, we describe $c_{u,v}^w$ when $u$ and $v$ are inverse to Grassmannian permutations with unique descents at $p$ and $q$, respectively. We offer some conjectures for similar rules in types $B$ and $D$, associated to Richardson varieties stable under spherical Levi subgroups of SO(2n+1,\C) and SO(2n,\C), respectively.Comment: Section 4 significantly shortened, and other minor changes made as suggested by referees. Final version, to appear in Journal of Algebraic Combinatoric

Characterizing the role of disparity information in alleviating visual crowding

The ability to identify a target is reduced by the presence of nearby objects, a phenomenon known as visual crowding. The extent to which crowding impairs our perception is generally governed by the degree of similarity between a target stimulus and its surrounding flankers. Here we investigated the influence of disparity differences between target and flankers on crowding. Orientation discrimination thresholds for a parafoveal target were first measured when the target and flankers were presented at the same depth to establish a flanker separation that induced a significant elevation in threshold for each individual. Flankers were subsequently fixed at this spatial separation while the disparity of the flankers relative to the target was altered. For all participants, thresholds showed a systematic decrease as flanker-target disparity increased. The resulting tuning function was asymmetric: Crowding was lower when the target was perceived to be in front of the flankers rather than behind. A series of control experiments confirmed that these effects were driven by disparity, as opposed to other factors such as flanker-target separation in three-dimensional (3-D) space or monocular positional offsets used to create disparity. When flankers were distributed over a range of crossed and uncrossed disparities, such that the mean was in the plane of the target, there was an equivalent or greater release of crowding compared to when all flankers were presented at the maximum disparity of that range. Overall, our results suggest that depth cues can reduce the effects of visual crowding, and that this reduction is unlikely to be caused by grouping of flankers or positional shifts in the monocular image

The use of embedded sensors for the monitoring of adhesive joints in marine environments

A copolymer incorporating polyaniline was used as a sensing medium in the construction of a resistance based humidity sensor. Aniline monomer was polymerised in the presence of poly (butyl acrylate / vinyl acetate) and a copolymer containing polyaniline emeraldine salt was obtained. The sensing medium was then developed by redissolving 1-2 w/w% of the resulting polymer residue in dichloromethane to produce a processable polymer blend solution. Some of this polymer residue was also de-doped in a solution of ammonia, and then washed with distilled water until the waste water had a neutral pH. This residue was then redissolved at 1-2 w/w% in dichloromethane to produce a second processable polymer blend this time containing polyaniline emeraldine base. The final sensor design utilised 125μm polyester insulated platinum wire as conducting electrodes that were dip coated in the emeraldine salt copolymer solution and allowed to dry in a desiccator. The sensor was then dip-coated in a protective barrier layer of the emeraldine base copolymer to prevent over-oxidation and/or de-protonation of the emeraldine salt sensing medium under this coating. The sensors had an overall final thickness of less than 150μm and showed high sensitivity to humidity, low resistance, and good reversibility without hysteresis. Sensors were monitored for 2-probe resistance changes when in contact with water. Calibration curves for each sensor were produced to convert the resistance reading to mass uptake of water. Individual sensors were embedded within Aluminium 5083 / Araldite 2015 adhesive joints to monitor mass uptake of water when exposed to marine environments. Correlations between mass uptake of water and joint strength were made. There are various advantages of such a sensor design. Polymer based thin film humidity sensors have the advantage that the high processability of the material allows for simple fabrication of a range of geometries including smaller sensor designs. The ease of processing gives a low cost sensor, whilst the small size and good mechanical properties gives a robust sensor which has the flexibility to be able to be used in applications where dynamic stresses and strains are encountered. Such sensors may find uses in a number of areas including electronic textiles, food/ electronics packaging and corrosion detection