Understanding Society: design overview

Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study, builds on the success of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). This paper describes some of the key elements of the design and conduct of the study and suggests how Understanding Society is distinctive as a longitudinal survey. Its large sample size offers new opportunities to study sub-groups that may be too small for separate analysis on other studies. The new content included in Understanding Society, not least the bio-measures, provides exciting prospects for interdisciplinary research across the social and medical sciences. The Innovation Panel is already proving to be an invaluable resource for research in longitudinal survey methodology. Finally, the inclusion of the BHPS sample within Understanding Society enables this long running panel to continue into the future, opening up inter-generational research and the opportunity to look at very long-term trajectories of change. This paper also describes the four sample components: the general population sample, ethnic minority boost sample, the Innovation Panel, and participants from the BHPS. Each component has a multistage sample designs, mostly with stratification and clustering. A complex weighting strategy is being developed to support varied analyses. This overview also describes the instruments, methods of data collection, and the timetable for data collection. A summary of the survey content?s is provided. With the data becoming available the user community is beginning to benefit from this investment in longitudinal studies

ESTIMATING MARKETING MARGIN COST COMPONENTS: AN APPLICATION OF SIMULATION TO PRODUCTS OF THE VEGETABLE OIL INDUSTRY

Demand and Price Analysis,

DYNAMICS OF FOOD PRICE INFLATION

A supply-shift concept of food price inflation is offered as an explanation of why food prices have increased in recent years. This view is consistent with cost-push theories of inflation. The effects of higher farm product prices on food prices are analyzed using Pascal distributed lag models of the price adjustment process. Estimates are presented for 23 selected food products. The results indicate that higher farm prices are passed through to the retail level most quickly for food products which are not highly processed.Demand and Price Analysis,

Mixing and transport by ciliary carpets: a numerical study

We use a 3D computational model to study the fluid transport and mixing due to the beating of an infinite array of cilia. In accord with recent experiments, we observe two distinct regions: a fluid transport region above the cilia and a fluid mixing region below the cilia tip. The metachronal wave due to phase differences between neighboring cilia is known to enhance the fluid transport above the ciliary tip. In this work, we show that the metachronal wave also enhances the mixing rates in the sub-ciliary region, often simultaneously with the flow rate enhancement. Our results suggest that this simultaneous enhancement in transport and mixing is due to an enhancement in shear flow. As the flow above the cilia increases, shear rate in the fluid increases and such shear enhances stretching, which is an essential ingredient for mixing. Estimates of the mixing time scale indicate that, compared to diffusion, the mixing due to the cilia beat may be significant and sometimes dominates chemical diffusion.Comment: submitted to Journal of Fluid Mechanic

DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF VEGETABLE OIL PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A SHORT-RUN ANALYSIS

Demand and Price Analysis,

Structural Elements and Neotectonics of Prince Edward County, Southern Ontario

The seismically active Clarendon-Linden Fault of western New York State appears to connect with the Salmon River Fault and possibly with the Picton Fault, both of which cut through Prince Edward County, southern Ontario. Bedrock exposures display a variety of structural features including faults, fractures, and pop-ups which indicate that the region has been subjected to repeated tectonism since the Middle Ordovician. Thus, despite the general perception that Prince Edward County and the rest of the Lake Ontario region is one of low seismic potential, geological and geophysical data suggest otherwise.La faille sismiquement active de Clarendon-Linden dans l'ouest de l'État de New York semble être reliée à la faille de Salmon River et probablement à la faille de Picton, qui traversent toutes deux le comté de Prince Edward. Les affleurements laissent voir une variété de formes structurales, comprenant des failles, des fractures et des soulèvements qui démontrent que la région à été tectonisée depuis l'Ordovicien moyen. Ainsi, même si l'on croit généralement que le comté de Prince Edward et l'ensemble de la région du lac Ontario est une zone de faible sismicité, les données géologiques et géophysiques donnent des indications contraires.Die seis-misch aktive Clarendon-Linden-Verwerfung im Westen des Staates New York scheint mit der Salmon River-Verwerfung und môglicherweise mit der Picton-Verwerfung, die beide den Prince Edward-Bezirk durchqueren, verbunden zu sein. Die Aufschlùsse anstehenden Gesteins bestehen aus einer Vielfalt struktureller Formen wie Verwerfungen, Bruche und Hebungen, welche zeigen, dafi die Region seit dem mittleren Ordovicium wiederholter Tektonik ausgesetzt war. Trotz der allgemeinen Annahme, daB der Prince Edward-Bezirk und der Rest der Ontario-See-Region ein niedriges seis-misches Potential hat, belegen so geologische und geophysikalische Daten das Gegenteil