Textual Research on Phenomenon of Lawsuit-Weariness in Ancient China——Take the Contradiction of Lawsuit-Extinguishing and Lawsuit-Elation as an Entry Point

任何一个文明社会，都会有争财之事，都会有纠纷和诉讼，我们对此并不觉得奇怪，使我们感兴趣的是人们对于这类现象所持的态度。大多数论及传统中国法律意识的经典著作，都倾向于认为传统中国民众持有一种厌讼观，并用这个理论来解释传统中国乡民很少或几乎不去衙门打官司这个现象。但是，两宋已降史籍中关于当时民众好讼、健讼的风气的记载颇多。这说明官方的息讼立场与当时民众的健讼的实践是存在矛盾的。鉴于此，本文把目光紧紧锁定在“息讼与健讼”这一角度，来对传统中国厌讼现象进行考辨。本文除引言和结语外，正文部分共分四章。 第一章将介绍关于传统中国厌讼的理论及本文的进路。传统中国厌讼论是目前关于传统中国民众诉讼观念研究的通...We don't always feel surprised to recognize the fact that most civilizations would unavoidable to have disputes. The only thing which interested us is people’s special attitude towards this phenomenon. Most classic works about Chinese traditional law consciousness point out that traditional Chinese people held a view of lawsuit-weariness and this is the very reason why they seldom resorted to laws...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法学理论学号：1362008115063

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Estimating feed utilisation matrices using a cost function approach

In this paper a multiple-output cost function framework is proposed to construct national feed balances or feed utilisation matrices (FUMs). The framework is applied to the Belgian compound feed industry. For estimation purposes a Symmetric Generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function is selected. The cost function is estimated using readily available time-series data for the period 1962–1988. Unlike previous studies based on duality theory, this study exploits the properties of nonjointness in animal feed production to establish a complete FUM. The allocation of feed ingredients among different livestock categories as well as the composition of various compound feeds are identified. Also own- and cross-price elasticities of demand for feed ingredients by type of livestock are reported