Elsinore fault seismicity: The September 13, 1973, Agua Caliente Springs, California, earthquake series

A relatively small M_L = 4.8 earthquake and its aftershock series on the southern portion of the Elsinore Fault Zone in eastern San Diego County, California, provided a rare opportunity to study an area that has been subjected to variable tectonic interpretations in the past. Within 12 to 26 hours after the main shock, a network of four portable seismograph stations was established around the main event near Agua Caliente Springs to supplement the stations of the Southern California Seismographic Network. Four days after the main shock, seven additional portable seismograph stations were installed. In addition to the main event, 45 subsequent events were studied, ranging in magnitude from about 1.0 to 3.7. Of these, 36 could be termed aftershocks by their close proximity to the main event, whose proper location was determined by analysis of the aftershock series. Of the two branches of the Elsinore Fault in this region, the south branch is associated with the earthquake series. Focal mechanisms are consistent with right-lateral strike-slip along the south branch, with northeast dip at latitude 32°51′N. These conclusions are supported by hypocentral locations. Thrust activity on the two fault branches may be developing a horst between them, accounting for elevation and tilt changes observed near Agua Caliente

Appendix A. A description of correction factors used to estimate the number of tagged seeds moved to various distances at Indiana study sites.

A description of correction factors used to estimate the number of tagged seeds moved to various distances at Indiana study sites

Photothermal Self-Oscillation and Laser Cooling of Graphene Optomechanical Systems

By virtue of their low mass and stiffness, atomically thin mechanical resonators are attractive candidates for use in optomechanics. Here, we demonstrate photothermal back-action in a graphene mechanical resonator comprising one end of a Fabry–Perot cavity. As a demonstration of the utility of this effect, we show that a continuous wave laser can be used to cool a graphene vibrational mode or to power a graphene-based tunable frequency oscillator. Owing to graphene’s high thermal conductivity and optical absorption, photothermal optomechanics is efficient in graphene and could ultimately enable laser cooling to the quantum ground state or applications such as photonic signal processing

X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy

To determine whether human X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome (IPEX; MIM 304930) is the genetic equivalent of the scurfy (sf) mouse, we sequenced the human ortholog (FOXP3) of the gene mutated in scurfy mice (Foxp3), in IPEX patients. We found four non-polymorphic mutations. Each mutation affects the forkhead/winged-helix domain of the scurfin protein, indicating that the mutations may disrupt critical DNA interactions